Human African Trypanosomiasis, commonly known as sleeping sickness is a highly prevalent parasitic disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The organism responsible for this infectious disease is the Trypanosoma brucei, which claims hold to humans and other animals, as its primary hosts. Since Trypanosoma brucei are parasitic, their environment is their host. The most common carrier is the African native tsetse fly, which is abundant in western and central regions of the continent (Kagbadouno et al. 2012)
The tsetse fly is predominant found in large areas of sub-Saharan Africa where there is human settlement and agriculture. The tsetse flies are cousins of the house fly, however they are larger than a common house fly. Approximate length of a house fly is 6 to 7 mm while a tsetse fly ranges anywhere from 6 to 16 mm in length. There are approximately 22 different kinds or species of tsetse fly living on the continent of Africa presently. The scientific name for the tsetse fly is Glossina. Each of the
I. A coma’s technical name is “Trypanosomiasis.” Many people think the person is asleep, but the person is actually in a deep state of unconsciousness. It happens worldwide, but mostly in Africa. There are about 50,000-70,000 cases a year. When a person is in a coma, they are unresponsive since they are unconscious. They also do not respond to their environment. First recognized two centuries ago, comas can be deadly because of damage to the brainstem. II. Comas are caused by various reasons, like
life cycle, the pathophysiology, the epidemiology, the signs and symptoms of the host, and last the different medicines that cure T. brucei. Trypanosoma brucei is a very serious illness and we will look how T. brucei turns into the West African trypanosomiasis and different ways to prevent getting infected by the parasite. The Africa sleeping sickness is another major thing I will be talking about, and the different
begin to have trouble sleeping. Eventually you cannot stay awake during the day or sleep at night, you begin to lose coordination, and if left untreated you could go into a coma and die within six months. While in Africa, you contracted African Trypanosomiasis, better known as sleeping sickness. You contracted this disease from one of the smallest animals you encountered on your safari, the tsetse fly. The tsetse fly carries a parasitic protest known as trypanosoma brucei that causes sleeping sickness
This paper tells about different methods as to which parasites enter the body. Each parasite is unique as to what problems they cause or diseases they carry. Some of these parasites can prove fatal unless treated, and if they are not treated carefully, they could still complicate an individual’s health. This paper also includes the places these parasites thrive and as to how to treat these parasites. Although most of these parasites are treatable, the treatment required is completely dependent upon
Overview In 1952 on an island in Denmark “The Devil’s Grip” was discovered by William Cooper. The reasoning for this awful nickname will be discussed further in the paper with the signs and symptoms. The physician William Cooper discovered the highly contagious virus in Bornholm. Later the disease was named The Bornholm Disease (epidemic Pleurodynia) after its discovery location. (1) This paper will break down Bornholm Disease into the causes of the disease, the signs and symptoms, complications
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is caused by only one thing. Rocky Mountain Spotted fever is caused by a tick bite from a tick that carries the Rickettsia Rickettsii. This organism can be fatal to humans if it is not taken care of quickly. In most cases of RMSF the tick was attached for 6 to10 hours and the person may never find the tick on them. RMSF cannot be spread from person to person (2). RMSF can take 2 to 14 days for any of the symptom to show up. (5). There are many ways to prevent RMSF
website advertises Roll Back Malaria which is an international mission to increase and hopefully help prevent future malaria epidemics. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/trypanosomiasis/default.htm (CDC) This link goes to the Center for Disease Control and provides some basics about West and East African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). It also includes a weekly Morbidity and Mortality Report (MMWR).
lived in these hostile environments would often gather edible plants, they also obtained handcrafted spears, bows, and arrows to hunt for food and those civilizations remained scanted. Tsetse flies carries a harmful and lethal disease called trypanosomiasis and could be catastrophic to humans and their livestock. Tsetse flies live in sub-Saharan Africa in the savanna and woodlands regions, these areas have lower populations because of the fact that animals are less likely to be domesticated and farmers
Everyone has that one neighbor, that one single neighbor in their life that is just unbearable. The neighbor is rude and loud and their tree is always dropping gross leeves into the newly cleaned pool. How frustrating! How does one keep those kinds of neighbor relationships from happening? How about a fence? In the poem “The Mending Wall” by the infamous Robert Frost brings out the use of a wall between neighbor. In this story, a wall has to be mended every spring by the narrator and his neighbor
Chagas Disease, Adult Chagas disease is an infection caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Another name for this infection is American trypanosomiasis. Chagas disease has two phases. In the initial (acute) phase of infection, you may or may not have symptoms. If the acute phase is not treated, the symptoms may go away, but the infection will not. If the infection has not gone away, it becomes a chronic infection. A chronic infection takes years to develop. Chagas disease can be
person’s life can be easily altered or ended because of a mistake made while they were developing in a test tube “Twenty-two years, eight months, four days from that moment, a promising young Alpha-Minus administrator at Mwanza-Mwanza was to die of trypanosomiasis—the first case in over half a century.” (Huxley
takes a blood meal and releases trypomastigotes in its feces near the site of the bite wound. Trypomastigotes enter the host through the wound or through intact mucosal membranes, such as the conjunctiva. Common triatomine vector species for trypanosomiasis belong to the genera Triatoma, Rhodnius, and Panstrongylus. Inside the host, the trypomastigotes invade cells near the site of inoculation, where they differentiate into intracellular amastigotes. The amastigotes multiply by binary fission and
Population Growth, Industrialization, and the Environment Human population growth was relatively slow for most of human history. Within the past 500 years, however, the advances made in the industrial, transportation, economic, medical, and agricultural revolutions have helped foster an exponential, "J-shaped" rise in human population (Southwick, Figure 15.1, p. 160). The statistics associated with this type of growth are particularly striking: "Human beings took more than 3 million years to
Diseases Diseases are any harmful change that interferes with the normal appearance, structure, or function of the body or any of its parts. Since time immemorial, disease has played a role in the history of societies. It has affected and has been affected by economic conditions, wars, and natural disasters. An epidemic of influenza that swept the globe in 1918 killed between 20 million and 40 million people. Within a few months, more than 500,000 Americans died^more than were killed
How is it possible for minuscule organisms to result in the deaths of hundreds of gigantic humans? This is the question that many scientists were trying to track down an answer to. In the book entitled Microbe Hunters, the author, Paul de Kruif, describes multiple scientists that participated in microbe hunting, where they tracked down the causes of many diseases in the world while trying to locate cures or preventives. From the 17th century until the 20th century, Paul de Kruif informs his readers
Internal control systems (ICS) play key role in streamlining the operations of organizations. It helps organizations meet their visions, missions, and strategic objectives and conform to industry standards. These controls are put in place to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the entity’s objectives with regard to reliability of financial reporting; effectiveness and efficiency of operations and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Internal control is therefore designed
Warnings from Huxley History often repeats itself. Many of the world’s problems today could be solved by studying the decisions of leaders in the past. There have been countless warnings and guidelines from our ancestors, founding fathers, and famous authors about the way government should be run to create a happier world. Aldous Huxley was one of these famous authors that put his views on government and science into literary form in order to share his ideas using satire fiction. Aldous Huxley’s
is built with human hands. Human error enters at some point inevitably, we are not perfect machines. “Twenty-two years, eight months, and four days from that moment, a promising young Alpha Minus administrator at Mwanza-Mwanza was to die of trypanosomiasis-the first case for over half a century.” (Huxley,171) The exactness of this statement shows how advanced their science is and that even then it is a fragile system because humanity is involved. It would seem that Huxley is offering some thoughts