composition of stain removers. One ingredient in stain removers is ammonia (NH3). When ammonia is in its alkaline state, it is very efficient in destroying bacteria and breaking down stains. The next component is bleach (NaClO), otherwise known as sodium hypochlorite which disinfects and whitens fabrics. “It works by oxidizing (or stealing electrons from) the compounds comprising germs and stains, which effectively breaks down their molecular bonds” (ehow.com). Another factor in stain removers are
Once it is extracted it forms into a n... ... middle of paper ... ...cium carbonate. Calcium chloride is also a byproduct in the Solway process used to make sodium carbonate. CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Alternatively, and on small scale, calcium can be made through the reduction of CaO with aluminium or of CaCl2 with sodium metal 6CaO + 2Al→ 3Ca + Ca3Al2O6 CaCl2 + 2Na→ Ca + 2NaCl Bibliography References Lenntech.com, (2014). Calcium (Ca) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental
Investigating the effect of Temperature on the reaction between Sodium Thiosuphate and hydrochloric acid · Planning I am investigating the different temperatures on the reaction between Sodium Thiosuphate and Hydrochloric acid. The factors I could investigate would be temperature, concentration and substances. I have chosen to investigate Temperature. I predict that the higher the temperature the more rapidly the cross would obscure. This is because the higher the temperature the more often
Kesean Williams Brantley Miller Pd. 11 1/11/16 Determination of a Formula for a Hydrate Introduction The focus of the experiment will be a hydrate of copper (Ⅱ) sulfate (CuSO4 ᐧ5H2O) The object of this experiment will be to find the experimental formula for the hydrate of CuSO4 by heating the crystal to dryness. The success of the lab will be determined by how accurate the experimental formula is compared to the actual formula. Theory If heat is applied to Copper (Ⅱ) sulfate pentahydrate
work in skittles? Chemistry works everywhere in our daily life, even in the small pieces of candies like skittles. To illustrate how this works, here will be five ingredients that had been chosen from skittles --- sugar, corn syrup, citric acid and sodium citrate, titanium dioxide. The first and the biggest part in skittles is sugar. Sugar is the ingredient that gives the main sweet taste in skittles. More specifically, the sugar in skittles is called sucrose, commonly named table sugar. The formula
Just what would become of a food's taste if you take out salt in your diet? Many are despising a no salt diet since it rids food of that sumptuous salty taste. Why would one resort to a no salt diet? No salt diet is used to avoid too much sodium retention. A no salt diet or a diet that uses moderate to low quantities of salt is for those with diseases that influence the balance of fluids in one's body. Another reason in going through this salt controlled diet is when decreasing the body fluid will
also required increasing assistance in ambulation. He stated that he quickly recovered and was well 2 days later. However, at a follow-up outpatient appointment with his primary care physician, his laboratory blood work showed that he had a serum sodium of 122 mEq/L. He was advised to go to the emergency room, but he declined. He was given 1 liter of normal saline instead. He returned to his primary care physician for blood work
For this experiment, we reduced a ketone to a secondary alcohol. During the first week, everyone ran the reaction using 9-fluoreneone. The ketones for week 2 were derivatives of acetophenone, and my group elected to test the differences in reactivity between acetophenone, 4-methyl-acetophenone, and 4-bromo-acetophenone. We hypothesized that the differences in reactivity would be affected by the electronegativity of substituent. Therefore, we predicted that the 4-bromoacetophenone react the
Baking Soda and Vinegar: Limiting Reactant Lab Background The limiting reactant of a chemical reaction is the substance that places an upper bound on the amount of product that the reaction can produce. The limiting reactant places this upper bound because the reaction must stop once all of the limiting reactant is consumed. If the relative amount of reactants is altered, then the limiting reactant may change accordingly. For example, a balanced chemical equation of a certain reaction specifies
the solution before pipetting it into your tube 3. Add 7-9 drops of iodine (IKI) to each tube. DO NOT heat 4. Examine each tube and recorded the color in the table Procedure for the Biuret Test for Proteins 1. Set up tubes; label 2. Add 2 mL of 2.5% sodium Hydroxide (NaOH0 to each tube 3. Add 2 mL of each sample to be tested 4. Add 3-5 drops of Biuret reagent to each tube, mix well and let settle for 2 minutes. 5. Examine each tube and recorded the
A chemical reaction is a process in which the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance is transformed physically or chemically. If the reaction occurs, the starting products will always be different from the products. They also involve the motion of electrons which leads to buildup and breakdown of chemical bonds. There are six types of chemical reactions including Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Combustion, and Acid Base. Each reaction has
clothes. During the final spin, the dirty water flushes and cleans away the stains. There is a huge difference between soaps and detergents. The difference between a soap and detergent is basically in its chemical composition. Soaps are composed of sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids whereas detergents are composed of salts of long chain sulfates and sulphonates. This means that soaps and detergents are composed of a long hydrocarbon chain with one end having a polar head that
Comparison of IMC controller & Self-Adaptive Fuzzy-PID Controller for Inverse Response of Boiler Drum Level Abstract: The paper discuss the inverse response of the Boiler drum water level. Conventional PID Control System cannot reaches up to satisfaction result in inverse response of Boiler Drum Water Control System. In this study a comparison of IMC & fuzzy self-adaptive PID controller is described. The inverse response of self adaptive Fuzzy- PID controller effectively reduces more than IMC. However
balance by controlling the activity of epithelial sodium channels in the renal collecting duct and may cause swelling and stiffening of the vessel while also altering its nitric oxide output, which affects the vessel’s ability to vasodilate (Nagata, 2006). Salt consumption leads to a transient increase in plasma volume and a subsequent rise in arterial blood pressure as extracellular volume shifts back to normal (Hamlyn et al, 1986). Recently, plasma sodium has been claimed to play a primary role in the
Through the experimentation of reactions between iron (III) nitrate and potassium thiocyanate, as well as cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate in water, equilibrium systems disturbed by stress (changing the amount of reagents and temperature) will shift in order to minimize the stress. Therefore, if the concentration of reactant increases, the rate of the forward reaction will increase and equilibrium will reestablish when the concentration of products increase (vice versa). This can be observed through
Two substances are mixed together. Explain how the observer could determine if this reaction is just a mixture or an actual chemical reaction. Give an example of two reactants that would form a mixture and two reactants that would form a chemical reaction. (Lesson 7) An observer would see a series of different reactions if a chemical reaction was taking place. The first being is the substance a precipitate. Did a gas form from the mixing of the two substances. Is the color changing in any way. Was
action potential of a cardiac cell begins with a resting potential near -90mV. This is because of the much larger potassium Nernst potential. At this point the sodium and calcium channels are closed. Then an action potential from a nearby cell causes the membrane potential to rise above -90mV [REF 7]. Sodium channels begin to open and sodium ions leaks into the cell further raising
2cm³ of concentrated sulphuric acid, and set up the apparatus as shown below, but with a stopper in place of the dropping funnel. We ensured that all the glass joints were greased. [IMAGE] We then had to make up a solution containing 5g of sodium dichromate in 5cm³ of water and add 4cm³ of ethanol. We had tom pour this mixture into the dropping funnel. We heated the acid in the pear-shaped flask until it was almost boiling and then turned off the bunsen burner. We then had to carefully
The Harcourt Essen Experiment The aim of this investigation is to: 1) find the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid by using the iodine stop clock method and plotting graphs of 1/time against concentration for each variable. Then to find the activation energy by carrying out the experiment at different temperatures using constant amounts of each reactant and then by plotting a graph of in 1/t against I/T, 3) to deduce as much information about
of anything in your body is important for your body to function appropriately. Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals, negative or positive, and run throughout the body’s fluids, blood, and urine. The major electrolytes of the body are Na+ (sodium), K+ (potassium), Cl– (chloride), Ca2+ (calcium), H+ (hydrogen), HCO3– (bicarbonate), and phosphates; these electrolytes can be found in the food and drinks we consume everyday. They are responsible for many body processes such as the transport of