Macromolecules
In the Macromolecules lab we tested for different thing such as reducing sugar, starch, and protein. In the reducing starch experiment we tested three different macromolecules. Each macromolecules was tested for sugar and how we indicated how much sugar was in each macromolecules was because the color would change. Some of the colors it would change to would be light blue (no sugar), light green (a trace of sugar), yellow (low sugar) Orange (moderate), red orange (high). Seven tubes were tested that had 10 drops of a different liquid such as onion juice, potato juice, sucrose, glucose, distilled water, reducing sugar, and starch solution. In the Iodine starch test water, starch, milk, tofu, and apples was tested. The blue indicated that there was starch and yellow indicating there is no starch. In the biuret test for protein
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Set up tubes; labels
2. Add 1 mL of each sample to be tested. Make sure you stir the solution before pipetting it into your tube.
3. Add 2 mL of Benedict`s reagent to each tube
4. Place the tubes in a baker of boiling water for 3 minutes.
5. Remove the tube and allow them to cool
6. Examine each tube and record the solution color in the table
7. Rinse out the tubes; use the same labels for the iodine test
Iodine Test for Starch
1. Set up tubes and label
2. Add 1 mL of each sample to be tested. Make sure you stir the solution before pipetting it into your tube
3. Add 7-9 drops of iodine (IKI) to each tube. DO NOT heat
4. Examine each tube and recorded the color in the table
Procedure for the Biuret Test for Proteins
1. Set up tubes; label
2. Add 2 mL of 2.5% sodium Hydroxide (NaOH0 to each tube
3. Add 2 mL of each sample to be tested
4. Add 3-5 drops of Biuret reagent to each tube, mix well and let settle for 2 minutes.
5. Examine each tube and recorded the
this is the best volume to use as it is about ¾ of a test tube full,
We then took 1ml of the 10% glucose solution again using the glucose rinsed pipette and added it to test tube 1, we then filled the H2O rinsed pipette with 9ml of H2O and added it to test tube one; making 10ml of 1% solution.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Put a label on each test tube. With a pencil, number each test tube from one to twelve.
The independent variable for this experiment is the enzyme concentration, and the range chosen is from 1% to 5% with the measurements of 1, 2, 4, and 5%. The dependant variable to be measured is the absorbance of the absorbance of the solution within a colorimeter, Equipments: Iodine solution: used to test for present of starch - Amylase solution - 1% starch solution - 1 pipette - 3 syringes - 8 test tubes – Stop clock - Water bath at 37oc - Distilled water- colorimeter Method: = == ==
2. Put the test tube inside a beaker for support. Place the beaker on a balance pan. Set the readings on the balance to zero. Then measure 14.0g of KNO3 into the test tube.
When I dropped iodine to the leaf where I split off from the plant which had waited in red light, its color changed into blue. However, when I dropped iodine to the leaf where I split off from the plant which had waited in green light, its color stayed the same. It is because the plant waited in red light could make more photosynthesis than the other one, so it has more glucose and an iodine solution makes substance’s color blue if it has starch. It is used to test the presence of starch.
* Size of potatoes * Diameter of each potato tube * Time in sugar solution We need to make sure in both experiments the fair test lists are used and the procedures are carried out. This needs to be done otherwise my results will not be accurate and will look odd. Method: Firstly we got out all our equipment.
Planning Firstly here is a list of equipment I used. Boiling tubes Weighing scales Knife Paper towels 100% solution 0% solution (distilled water) measuring beakers potato chips Cork borer. We planned to start our experiment by doing some preliminary work. We planned to set up our experiment in the following way.
Begin collecting samples with the pure hexane. Keep adding hexane so that the silica gel column does not run dry. Collect one 20 ml sample. Repeat with 90:10 hexane and collect 4 20-mL bottles. Repeat with 80:20 hexane and collect 2 20-mL samples.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
Next, label the three test tubes A, B, and C. Spit saliva into the test tubes until there is a relatively sufficient amount, which is about 1-2 mL of saliva for each test tube. After, put two mL of vinegar into test tube A. Put two mL of distilled water in both test tubes B and C. Thump the tubes, or repeatedly pushing on it with the index finger, to let the solution mix together. Then, treat test tube B into the boiling water bath for five minutes. After the five minutes are over, remove the test tube from the bath and put it back onto the test tube rack. Next, put five mL of the starch solution to all three tubes and thump all the tubes to combine.
The Benedict's Test is used to test the presence of simple sugars in a sample. If sugars are present, a color change will occur from blue to red. However, although the Benedict's test shows the presence of sugars, it cannot accurately determine the concentration of sugar in a sample solution. In our method, we added specific concentrations of glucose to the Benedict's test to use as a chart to estimate the glucose concentration of an unknown solution X. Although this gives a rough estimate of the concentration, it is very inaccurate. For example, the mystery solution X was a pale orange color, which was between the colors in my first and second test tube.
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and