Lithium and Bipolar Disorder INTRODUCTION The drug lithium has been used for a variety of disorders such as gout, diabetes, and epilepsy for over 100 years. It was not until 1949 when John Cade discovered that lithium had a calming effect on guinea pigs that the possibilities of it being used for mania were explored (Paykel, 1992). Since then, lithium has been established as one of the primary treatments for manic depression disorder. In the body of this paper we will explore the
Mark was a freshman at the University of Colorado, thousands of miles away from his parents who lived in Connecticut. He was the younger sibling to his brother who was also attending college. He had never had any vast problem with the law except for a speeding ticket when he was in high school. Overall, Mark was a well-behaved college student. His parents, Diane and Chris, were a joyous couple throughout their marriage. Chris worked for a computer software company which required him to spend most
Lithium—The Element Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride
ike the other alkali metals, lithium has a single valence electron that is easily given up to form a cation. Because of this, it is a good conductor of heat and electricity as well as a highly reactive element, though the least reactive of the alkali metals. Lithium's low reactivity compared to other alkali metals is due to the proximity of its valence electron to its nucleus (the remaining two electrons are in lithium's 1s orbital and are much lower in energy, and therefore they do not participate
Presumably all of them loved to eat lamb meat. They fed them tainted lamb, wrapped in fresh lamb hide. The meat itself was not toxic to the long-term health of the coyotes that devoured it. Instead, it was laced with lithium chloride, which causes vomiting. One assumption made was that the lithium did not actually affect the taste of the meat. Therefore, the coyotes actually did consume the meat, and uniformly became sick after eating the lamb. As a result of associating the meat with vomiting the coyotes
Determining the Relative Atomic Mass of Lithium An experiment has been carried out to determine the relative atomic mass of Lithium by using two different types of methods The first method that was carried out was to determine the volume of Hydrogen produced. In this experiment a fixed amount of Lithium was used, in my case it was 0.11g. At the end of this experiment, the volume of Hydrogen gas I collected was 185cm³. Then using the solution of lithium hydroxide made from experiment one,
As very clear was shown in the recent years - the battery soft shorting and overheating problem cannot be identified at a time when battery was manufacturing. Only after prolonged cycling (usage) this phenomena may occur. Market forces battery manufacturers to extend battery life, achieve higher energy densities and faster charging times. This will force engineers to design higher density electrode and use thinner and higher porosity separators. The fact is the energy densities are double what they
Atomic Mass of Lithium Introduction My aim of this experiment will be to determine the R.A.M using two separate methods In the first method I will dissolve a piece of lithium of a known mass in water, I will then collect the hydrogen gas produced, which can be used to calculate the relative atomic mass of Lithium. The balanced equation of our reaction is shown below; [IMAGE]2Li + 2H2O 2LiOH + H2 In the second method I will do a titration experiment of lithium hydroxide(produced
Relative Atomic Mass of Lithium Background information I’m going to produce a piece of coursework, which determine the relative atomic mass of lithium. Two methods are going to be used to approximate the relative atomic mass of lithium. 1) In the first method the RAM (Relative atomic mass) of lithium is determined by the Volume of hydrogen gas produced. 2) In the second method the RAM of lithium is determined by titrating the lithium hydroxide produced.
Lithium Though the drug lithium is used for a number of disorders ranging from acute depression to eating and personality disorders (Paykel, 1992), it's primary use is for bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression. Patients with bipolar disorder "between two poles: depression and its opposite, mania" (Kalat,2004), often with periods of normal behavior in between (Jamison,1993). In addition, the patient is also prone to "mixed episodes" in which symptoms of both mania and depression
Determination of Relative Atomic Mass of Lithium Evaluation: In general the accuracy of the experiments was good. However with practice, the accuracy could be improved; accuracy being how close the results are to the real answer. I think I have carried pit the experiment as well as I possibly could at the time with the given conditions and time period allowed. I have gained precise results from the practical. However, looking back at the analysis section, the relative atomic mass values
Fireworks When thinking of fireworks, many peoples first instinct is to picture bursts of color accompanied by the loud noises of the explosions. Not many people think of what all goes into the production of a firework and how it works. But then again, why would you when you could be enjoying a beautiful firework display? Exactly, you wouldn’t. Let me tell you a little bit about what goes into fireworks and why you see what you see. It will make you appreciate the fireworks even more than you already
This was the first discovery of Lithium. From the Greek word "lithos" meaning "stone", it was so named due to the fact that it was discovered from a mineral source; whereas the other two common Group 1 elements, Sodium and Potassium, were found in plant sources. Its symbol, Li, was taken directly from its name. Soon after stumbling upon Lithium, Arfvedson also found traces of the metal in the minerals Spodumene and Lepidolite. In 1818, C.G. Gmelin discovered that Lithium salts color flames a bright red
another, all of those three devices share one item in common at the very least and that is a Lithium-Ion Battery. Lithium-Ion Batteries are extremely popular in the technology industry for several reasons. First off, they are much lighter then other batteries because they are made with lightweight lithium (a light and reactive metal) and carbon. Second of all, they give the most power per pound. A Lithium-Ion Battery stores 150 watt-hours per kilogram. Compare that with a Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery
and (2) the need for outside technical knowledge and expertise to help the FAA ensure the safe introduction of new technology into aircraft designs (NTSB, 2014) In response to the incident, Boeing has since added “triple-layered” safeguards to the lithium ion batteries (Aviation Week, 2013). Additional electrical insulation of cells and wire management greatly reduce the probability of short circuits. The entire battery now has a 1/8 inch steel case designed to contain any combustion or explosion.
will discuss the primary limiting factors of lithium-oxygen battery. Overpotentials Overpotential problem occur on lithium-oxygen batteries because the charging and discharging potentials deviate from standard potential. The overpotentials are the extra energy required to drive the reactions at a specific current density. Then, capacity of the battery is dependent on the clogging of reduction products in the porous cathode. In order to dissociate the lithium peroxide on charging, large potential difference
[1], the author chose LiTi5O12 (LTO) for the anode and LiMn2O4 (LMO) for the cathode. Although the working voltage of LTO/LMO is lower than the conventional lithium ion chemistry in battery system such as lithium ion phosphate (LPF), the LTO/LMO has safety aspect and also provides excellent discharge and high power capability. In general, Lithium-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery which is considered as high capacity battery because of their high specific energy high operating voltage levels
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis using ZSM-5 Joseph Tilly 12/12/2014 Contents Fast Pyrolysis Overview................................................................................................................................. 2 ZSM-5 and HZSM-5 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 3 Literature Review .............................................................................................................
health and also on the biosphere. If the battery is overheating, it can burst into flames which produce fume and toxic. Since a battery has limited lifespan, the electric vehicles will need a new battery over the period of time. The lifespan of the lithium-ion battery have an average about five years or the maximum of 100,000 miles. The costs of the battery can be considered very expensive as it will cost the consumers several thousands of dollars to buy a new pack of battery. Even though electric cars
Lithium batteries are the batteries that have lithium as an anode. These sorts of batteries are additionally alluded to as lithium-metal batteries. They stand separated from different batteries in their high charge density and high cost per unit. Depending upon the outline and synthetic mixes utilized, lithium cells can create voltages from 1.5 V to around 3.7 V. A lithium-ion battery is a kind of rechargeable battery in which lithium ion move from the negative terminal to the positive anode while