Liquid Liquid Extraction We were asked to extract benzoic acid from a kerosene-benzoic acid mixture. This was to be done using the stirred liquid-liquid extraction column in the senior laboratory. Fresh water was used as the continuous phase in the extraction. We were asked to measure the benzoic acid concentrations of the feed, raffinate, and extract streams. These measurements were to be made at several different steady-states. The number of theoretical stages and the height of the theoretical
Performing this experiment, we used the technique called Acid-Base extraction to isolate Eugenol, which is one of the main ingredients of clove oil. Acid-Base extraction is the most efficient method for isolating organic component; it is efficient because it purifies the acid and base mixture based on their chemical identities. We have seen throughout this experiment that acid and base play an important role, when it comes to solubility in water. Our basic knowledge of acid and base is acid is a
Melting Range, °C Mass/Volume Obtained, g or mL Crude Fine white powder Crude, 110-130 111 mg 138 mg w/added caffeine Purified Thin white flakes 215-220 9 mg Acid-base liquid-liquid extraction was done to separate the individual components of Excedrin so that caffeine could be extracted. Acid base liquid-liquid extraction works by converting an acid or base to the alternate form by adding a strong acid or base, which allows it to become more polar and move between solvents. The solvents can then
1.4.1.3 Instrumentation of HPLC (Fig 1 F5) 1 Extremely precise gradient mixer (optional). 2 HPLC high pressure pumps with very constant flow. 3 Unique high accuracy, low dispersion, HPLC sample valves. 4 Very high efficiency HPLC columns with inert packing materials. 5 High sensitivity low dispersion HPLC detectors. 6 High-speed data acquisition systems. 7 Low dispersion connecting tubes for valve to column and column to detector Fig 1 F5 Schematic Diagram of HPLC instrument HPLC
Included is an analysis of the ideal extraction pressures based on the calculated values of net work, energy input, thermal efficiency, moisture content, and effectiveness. 4.0 Body 4.1 Introduction System to be Analyzed Steam enters the first turbine stage at 120 bar, 520 °C and expands in three stages to the condenser pressure of .06 bar. Between the first and second stage, some steam is diverted to a closed feedwater heater at P1, with saturated liquid condensate being pumped ahead
decades before the first oil well was drilled, commercial shale gas was extracted in Fredonia, New York”(Sovacool 250). The availability of natural gas and its relatively clean properties has allowed the expansion of natural gas extraction. By the year 2005, the extraction of shale gas had expanded with the discovery of hydraulic fracturing. In the United States alone it has led to an enormous growth in the oil industry and this technology has been adopted by many other countries around the world
One of the hardest parts of cleaning your glass shower doors is removing the soap scum that can accumulate on them. Soap scum can quickly build up on your shower door and give it a dirty frosted look instead of a clean and clear look. Here are three simple methods using products that you have around your home that will help you remove the soap scum from your glass shower doors. Method #1: Vinegar Vinegar is a very strong cleaning agent and has quite a strong scent that accompanies it as well. Due
flow of the gas inside it, therefore, it makes inviable to extract the substance without the support of hydraulic fracturing. Higher the permeability of a rock, higher the flowing of the fluid on it (King 2012). In order to improve the shale gas extraction, a high pressure mixture of water, sand and other additives is injected in the rock to increase its fractures and facilitates the flowing of the gas and its capture (Howarth et al. 2011). The figure below illustrates the fracking process. Figure
Spiral Separator Lab 4 Materials: The equipment and materials used are as follows: Scale PPE Spiral Separator Magnetite/Silica samples Introduction: Wet spiral separators are devices utilized to separate solid components in slurry. The slurry must contain constituents based upon a combination of a solid’s particle density and the particle's hydrodynamic properties. The device consists of a spiral tower with a sluice wrapped around from which slots or channels are placed in the base of the
Density is how much mass is in a certain volume. You can calculate density by dividing mass by volume. Water's density depends on its temperature and salinity. Cold water with a high salinity is more dense than warm water with a low salinity. Some connections to density are layers of the ocean, how things float, and the conveyor belt system. They are found in the units climate and weather, properties of water, and oceanography. Density is very important because it affects the layers of the ocean
Franklin was dreaming of a frozen ride to immortality” (Schaer). Cryonic suspension requires that the body's temperature be lowered to -196 degrees Celsius or the same as liquid nitrogen. Then the body or head is stored in a dewar, which is like a thermos, and put into cold storage. “This flask is continuously being filled with liquid nitrogen because the nitrogen is evaporating continuously to keep the temperature low” (Cryonic). The cryonic medical team will only reanimate the patients when the cure
The Molten Core Theory The center of the Earth is composed of a solid metallic core surrounded by a molten layer of liquid metal. This paper will discuss the reasons to believe the theory that the Earth has a molten core, and the important discoveries that have led to this generally accepted theory. It is very reasonable to agree with this theory when paying credence to the logical evidence that answers questions about the Earth’s core. This evidence includes information about the elemental
separately or in chemical combination with fuel. Rockets are propelled forward by gas or liquid being expelled backwards. Rockets work on a fundamental law of motion by Sir Isaac Newton that states, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This helps explain how rockets fly on earth and in space. For example, the rocket fuel is exploded in a controlled way so that the exhaust gas or liquid is sent streaming down out the rocket nozzle and causing the rocket to accelerate up. Rockets
Wettability can be defined as the extent of intimate contact between liquid and solid. Many factors may affect the wettability like melting temperature, pre heating temperature, reinforcement material, amount, size, stirring speed, stirring time etc. Poor wettability can deteriorate the mechanical properties, wear resistance as well as corrosion resistance of the material. For better load transfer, the wettability of particle should be high (Prabu et al., 2006). (Hashim et al., 1999) concluded that
On earth, substances tend to exist in one of three phases; either a solid, liquid, or gas. While solids and liquids have defining factors such as volume, and for solids only, a shape, gases exhibit neither of these. Gases naturally take the shape of and expand into the volume of the container, and change when placed in different surroundings. As gases are constantly moving around and colliding with the walls, they exert a force, or pressure, on the walls of its container. Pressure is one of the characteristic
In this lab, lab 4.3 Comparing the Concentrations of Saturated Solutions, we set out to find and compare the solubilities of two solids in water. In addition, we tested if solubility is a characteristic property of a solid in a given liquid. This lab allowed us to test and use a reliable way to measure the solubility of a solid. This lab can be replicated for any solid with the same procedure, thus it gives us a method to calculate solubility. The two solids we tested in this experiment were NaCl
Action Design Background Information: Capillary Action is the ability of a liquid to flow through a narrow space without the assistance of external forces such as gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding surfaces. There are three main variables that determine whether a liquid will posses capillary action. (Davis, 1995) 1. Cohesive Force: The intermolecular forces that cause liquids to resist separation and to remain a certain shape. This exists between
In this world, most materials that are known to man are classified to be in either solids, liquids, or gases states. However, liquids and gases can also be classified into one common state which is fluid state or fluids (Smits, 2000). Fluids is one of the most important elements in our lives. The water we drink, the air that we breathe, the rivers that flows, the oil that we use are all fluids. Fluids, as mentioned by Munson, Young, Okiishi, and Huebsch (2010), is defined as “a substance that deforms
60% of your daily fluid comes from food 2. Fruit and vegatables are great fluid sources 3. Foods high in fat do not provide to much fluid IV. Equipment 1. Warm up bikes are good for bad weather or the dark 2. Good for intense intervals V. Liquids 1. Replenish your self after rides 2. As soon as the rides over is the best time to replenish 3. Drink or eat 100 grams of carbo 4. Drinking carbo is much faster than eating carbo 5. You can spend over $1000 a year on recovery drinks VI. Cereal
Jenna Peters The Effect of Mint on Your Body Temperature The Effect of Mint on Your Body Temperature Do you know how mint effects your body temperature? Does the ingestion of mint lower or raise your body temperature? Through a series of investigations it is the intent of this report to investigate if mint, in the form of mint oil or artificial flavoring and cooling agents will lower your body temperature. Mint can come in many forms and is used in a variety of different products. The more