Spiral Separator Lab 4
Materials:
The equipment and materials used are as follows:
Scale
PPE
Spiral Separator
Magnetite/Silica samples
Introduction:
Wet spiral separators are devices utilized to separate solid components in slurry. The slurry must contain constituents based upon a combination of a solid’s particle density and the particle's hydrodynamic properties. The device consists of a spiral tower with a sluice wrapped around from which slots or channels are placed in the base of the sluice to extract solid particles that have come out of suspension.
The larger and heavier a particle, attains for it to sink to the bottom of the sluice faster. This allows the particle to experience more drag from the bottom, and so it moves toward
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the center of the spiral. Reversely for lighter particles, they stay toward the outside of the spiral and quickly move to the bottom of the sluice. At the bottom, a separation can be made with a set of changeable channels, or slots that separates the low and high densities. A few things can be done to accommodate the particles separation at the bottom can include: Change rate of material feed Change grain size of material Change slurry mass percentage Adjust channels or slots position Increase the height of the spiral to improve the ability of the spiral to remove heavy contaminants Add ripples on the sluice to the direction of flow Procedure: Made sure the unit was clean.
Recorded the volume of water used.
Filled the collection tank until the red float rose and added at least 200 mL more.
Plugged the unit in and pump turned on.
Adjusted the black 4-headed knob until the water flow was below the lip of the spiral funnel.
Prepared a 500 gram sample and two 1000 gram samples of 10% magnetite and 90% sand.
Used a graduated cylinder, determined the specific gravity of both magnetite and sand.
Added one of the 1000 gram dry samples to the top of spiral where water is coming out of the distributor.
Allowed the sample to circulate until steady state was reached.
Once achieved steady state, adjusted the yellow gate at the bottom of the spiral to get efficient separation from the two outlets.
Collected a sample from each of the outlets and separated the denser material (heads) from the lighter material (tails). Then quantitatively transferred the heads and tails to a pan and measured the mass of solids plus
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liquids. Recorded the mass of solid plus liquids, washed the solids into dried pans, dried, and then weighed each fraction of the sample Then added the 500 gram sample and recorded the increases in percent solids. Repeated steps 9 through 12 Recorded the increase in percent solids changes the flow rate, slurry height along the edges of the spiral, and the gate adjustment. Changed the pump setting so flow was again below the lip of the spiral funnel and not touching the inner tube. Added the last 1000 gram sample. Repeated steps 9 through 12 again Recorded how the increase in percent solids changes the flow rate, slurry height along the edges of the spiral, and gate adjustment. Collected the rest of slurry. Cleaned the spiral concentrator Dried all material. Recorded all weights. Recombined all material in the designated bucket. Data Analysis: Table 1: Original Sample Weights (grams) Table 2: Sample Weights, Volumes, Specific Gravity of Solids, Percent of Solids, and Ore Grade Sample Calculations: To obtain the ore grades of magnetite the following calculations apply: 〖Ore Grade〗_(1st Run) =〖Weight〗_Magnetite/〖Weight〗_Total *100= (39.1 g)/(105.2 g)*100=37.2% 〖Ore Grade〗_(2nd Run) =〖Weight〗_Magnetite/〖Weight〗_Total *100= (45.1 g)/(125.1 g)*100=36.1% 〖Ore Grade〗_(3rd Run) =〖Weight〗_Magnetite/〖Weight〗_Total *100= (47.1 g)/(116.2 g)*100=40.5% 〖Ore Grade〗_(Pure Magnetite) =〖Weight〗_(Pure Magnetite)/〖Weight〗_(Pure Total) *100= (96.9 g)/(171.7 g)*100=56.4% Discussions of Results: The data measurements took for the specific gravity did not correlate with the visual observations of solids causing lower grade of magnetite recovery.
This is most likely due to a sampling error caused by the pump delivery fluctuations. Therefore the pump never did achieve a steady state condition. Grade recovery would show up mainly in the magnetite specific gravity. All it would have taken was a minor fluctuation in the flow regime to homogenize the sample because the collection time required for the sample was longer than for the silica.
The spiral concentrator had several variables involved with the control of ore grade. First begins with the percent of solids, compared to the water flow. The effects of this were seen in the first and second samples, in which the pump was fluctuated by placing a clamp on the hose from the pump on top of the spiral separator. As the water was pumped, the first sample was added and it appeared to develop a clog at the bottom. The water was unable to carry the lighter particles as far up the outer radius. This caused the silica to be more centered and the stream of the magnetite to be thinner and more
diluted. The consequences of too high percent solids and too low water flow can be seen in the lower ore grade of the first run. After the ore was added in the second run and the stream steadied, there was a distinguished improvement with the separation of both magnetite and quartz. The quartz was washed well up against the sidewall of the outer radius of the spiral and the magnetite gained an inner force to the inner portion of the spiral. The tab was adjusted to the most probable boundary between the magnetite and silica. Conclusion: The water depth on the spiral channel increases with distance from the central support column of the spiral. Through increased flow rate, water depth increases and the variation of water depth in the outer region is greatly established. And smaller variations in the channel were noticed in the inner region as flow rate changed with percent solids. Therefore an error in one of these can lead to a loss of product very quickly. If the flow rate is too small compared to the amount of solids added; the separation will not yield a successful grade concentrate. This leads me to believe that a spiral separator is most likely more efficient under computer operations verse human interactions to eliminate error.
The hypothesis that was formed in this experiment was that decantation and distillation were the techniques that would be successful in separating the three layered substances. The oil on top of the mixture was to be decanted solely, and the salt and sand layers would be distilled and separated together on filter paper on top of boiling hot water. The reason that the oil is decanted is because it doesn’t mingle with the salt and sand layers, and in addition it was the top layer, which was thought to have been easy to separate first. And as for the sand and salt, sand doesn’t mix and dissolve in water compared to salt, which does in fact dissolve, so distillation was thought to be the proper solution to separating the two
Compress the safety bulb, hold it firmly against the end of the pipette. Then release the bulb and allow it to draw the liquid into the pipette.
We used the pipette filler and filled the glucose rinsed pipette to add 10ml of 10% of glucose in test tube 0.
Each subsequent trial will use one gram more. 2.Put baking soda into reaction vessel. 3.Measure 40 mL vinegar. 4.Completely fill 1000 mL graduated cylinder with water.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
Once the mixture had been completely dissolved, the solution was transferred to a separatory funnel. The solution was then extracted twice using 5.0 mL of 1 M
2. Drop a gummy bear into each of your prepared beaker or cup and place the beaker or cup
· Rinse out mixture in flask and leave water running to get rid of the
Separations are important techniques in chemistry that are used to separate various components of a mixture. They are carried out by mixing two immiscible liquids containing certain solutes together in a separatory funnel, allowing them to separate, then extracting the distinct layers that form. The ratio of the concentration of solute present in the upper layer to the concentration in the lower layer is called the partition coefficient. The efficiency of a separation is described by this partition coefficient. If the coefficients for the two layers are largely different, then the separation can be carried out in a single step. If they aren’t, a more complex process is necessary.1,2 Countercurrent chromatography is a technique used carry out separations in these kinds of cases. It uses a continuous liquid-liquid partitioning process to streamline the usual extraction procedure.
I blanked it with 2 cm³ water, 1 cm³ amylase and 3 drops of iodine.
3. Add on of the following volumes of distilled water to the test tube, as assigned by your teacher: 10.0mL, 15.0mL, 20.0mL, 25.0mL, 30.0mL. (If you use a graduated cylinder, remember to read the volume from the bottom of the water meniscus. You can make more a more accurate volume measurement using either a pipette or a burette.)
of distilled water. For the 1M solution I added 50 cm3 of HCl and 50
3rd create wells: put a comb template in middle of the tray; wait until the mixture becomes solid. After,
I shall add water as that is the only way I can find out how
Weigh out two 0.100 g. samples of the product and put each into a test