What is Infective Endocarditis? Before discussing Infective Endocarditis, it’s imperative to understand where the endocardium is along with its function because endocarditis affects this area of the heart. The Endocardium is the innermost layer of heart tissue that lines the cavities and valves of the heart and is composed of loose epithelial and connective tissue. The endocardium regulates contractions of the heart and helps regulate the composition of the blood that feeds the tissues of the
Endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease affects the inner parts of the heart especially the heart valves. In spite of fungi can rarely cause IE, bacteria are considered the main cause of IE particularly Staphylococci, Streptococci, and Enterococci. IE is associated with fever, night sweats, weight and appetite loss, and cardiac and pulmonary illness. The diagnostic method is not complicated but it can not be obtained immediately with possibility of presence of negative results which effect on
a significant increase in gene induction associated with translation while decreases in amino acid transport as well as genes of unknown function. This does contrast slightly to a study that examined S. aureus expression in diabetic rats in an endocarditis model, whereby amino acid transport genes were upregulated (66), this just may be reflected of the significantly different infection models. Many of the upregulated genes of S. aureus under diabetic conditions were associated with heat shock and
Mitral Valve Prolapse Mitral Valve Prolapse is a common heart valve abnormality and is the cause of mitral regurgitation. The flaps of the valve are “floppy” and don’t close tightly allowing the blood to flow backward in your heart. The affect is that blood can’t move through the heart or to the rest of your body as efficiently, making you feel tired and out of breath. History of Mitral Valve Prolapse The condition was first described by John Brereton Barlow in 1966, a world renowned South African
beta-lactamase-stable antibiotics should be prescribed to the patient. These include either clindamycin or amoxicillin & clavulanic acid . the American Heart Association considers amoxicillin to be the first choice for prophylaxis against the Endocarditis associated with dental procedures. In long standing infections , gram negative anaerobic organisms may be suspected, therefore metranidazole may be added with amoxicillin. It can cause ‘Antabuse’ reaction such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Health-Care provision becomes extremely challenging when dealing with complicated circumstances that require professional competence in resolving ethical dilemmas. Physicians have a responsibility to apply medicine within an ethical framework that is beneficial to patients while conforming to existing laws. Such a direction is difficult due to the mix of varying values, preferences, interests and existing regulations. Here, a clear guidance on best approaches to help physicians solve ethical dilemmas
binding has occurred, a cascade of signalling reactions will initiate, with Rho guanosine-5'-triphosphate (Rho GTPases) such as rho-asso... ... middle of paper ... ...n of the valves. ClfA mediates the attachment to nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) followed by FnbpA causing endothelial cell internalisation, inflammatory and coagulation responses[12]. The fibronectin which is a ligand for fibronectin-binding protein expressing bacteria binds to the integrins, expressed by the inflamed
Antibiotic premedication therapy is a prophylactic measure that prevents bacteria from being released into the blood stream. The bacteria can infect the heart lining, as well as the valves or blood vessels, causing them to become inflamed. Infective endocarditis (IE), the name for the inflammation, has the potential to be fatal or debilitating. The risk of developing IE can happen from a combi¬nation of high-risk patients and dental procedures. While this is not an issue for most patients, some do require
Theoretical Framework The author developed an educational plan for nurse practitioners (NPs) for infective endocarditis (IE) prevention; the nursing theoretical framework chosen was the health promotion model (HPM) of Nola J. Pender. The model developed in 1982 and was revised in 1996 by including aspects of self-efficacy from Bandura’s social theory (Masters, 2011; Syx, 2008). The HPM was developed to act as a complement to models of health promotion, used to increasing the individual’s level of
Rat Bite Fever is an infectious disease that is caused by two different strands of bacteria. Streptobacillary Rate Bite Fever is caused by Streptobacillus moniliformis and is found primarily in the United States. Spirillary Rat Bite Fever is caused by Spirillum minus and is mostly found in Asia. Most people get Rat Bite Fever from infected rodents or contaminated food or water and if not treated, the infection can become very severe or fatal. In this paper, I will discuss the types of Rat Bite
Enterococcus faecalis is a genus of gram positive cocci and form short chains or are arranged in pairs. They are nonmotile, facultative anaerobic organisms and can survive in harsh conditions in nature. There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus but about 90% of clinical isolates are E. faecalis. E. faecalis is a nosocomial pathogen because it is commonly found in the hospital environment and can cause life-threatening infections in humans. It is a bacterium that normally inhabits the intestinal
(47.5) 37 ± 14 Patent ductus arteriosus 20 (50) 11 (55) 19 (95) 10 ± 3 Patent ductus arteriosus with aortic coarctation 6 (15) 5 (83) 5 (83) 10 ± 3 Atrial perforation 5 (12.5) - 1 (20) 44 ± 29 Pulmonary artery stenosis 9 (22.5) - - Bacterial endocarditis 1 (0.7) Mortality 2 (1.4)
Ectopia Cordis, also known as exocardia and ectocardia, is a rare and severe congenital heart defect. There are four types of Ectopia Cordis disease: thoracic (60%), abdominal (10%) cervical (5%) and thoracoabdominal (20%). Thoracic and thoracoabdominal are the two most common forms of this disease. Thoracic Ectopia Cordis is a rare congenital heart abnormality with the heart partly or completely placed outside of the thoracic cavity. It is not protected by the sternum or skin and in some cases
“Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare cardiac anomaly that occurs in approximately one in 20,000 live births and accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart disease (Ebstein’s anomaly in adults)”. The goal of this paper is to examine Ebstein’s Anomaly - to understand what it is, how it affects the heart, possible presenting symptoms, and other possible complications associated with this anomaly. Diagnosis of this anomaly is key in treating patients, thus echocardiographic as well as other test modalities
Rheumatic fever is a disease that can occur following bacterial infection with Group A Streptococcus. Predisposing infections also include strep throat tonsillitis and skin infections, such as impetigo, caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. Overall, rheumatic fever is rare in Australia; however, the rate of rheumatic fever amongst Indigenous Australians is much higher. Rheumatic fever is a serious condition that can lead to long-term complications, such as rheumatic heart disease. Causes & Pathophysiology
chains Enterococcus faecalis. When observed under the microscope, the bacteria’s morphology displayed a purple color, round shape, and in short chains. Enterococcus faecalis is most often found in large intestine of humans2. It is known to cause endocarditis and bacteremia, urinary tract infections (UTI), meningitis, and other infections in humans3. There were challenges while conducting the experiment due to student’s lack of experience. There was concern about over or under decolorization, which
loss of sensation to the piercing site or movement problems is one of the outcomes. Swelling of the tongue can also occur, which can lead to obstruction of the airway or suffocation. Another serious outcome from an oral piercing can be Endocarditis. Endocarditis is caused by an open wound created by a piercing that leaves an open way to bacteria to enter the blood stream which can cause inflammation to the heart or inflammation of the heart
If Alexander Fleming didn’t notice that there was something strange with the petri dish that contained Penicillium notatum, then the a big majority of people would not be alive today. Penicillin is antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced from specific blue molds. It can treat certain infections such as ear, throat, and skin infections, it can also be used to treat rheumatic fever and chorea, because of penicillin the death rate of people dying from these bacterial infections has incredibly
can go in to the deoxygenated blood of pulmonary artery. As a result, fluid in the lungs increases, making it harder for the baby to breathe. The baby also has an increased risk of developing an infection in the blood vessel known as bacterial endocarditis.
According to Abbott, “Mitral Regurgitation is the most common type of heart valve insufficiency in the United States.” The prefered treatment for mitral regurg is with open heart surgery to replace the insufficient valve. However for many patients, surgery is not an option due to their age, and underlying health conditions. Doctors started to look for a new way to help treat patients with mitral regurg. One that could be performed non invasively, without surgery. Thus the mitraclip was born! To