COMPLEXITY OF CARE IN CHILDREN’S NURSING AMONG ENGLAND PATIENTS BACKGROUND IN INFORMATION Baby J was born at 41 weeks gestation in England Teaching and referral hospital. She appeared cyanotic few minutes after birth which instigated a series of medical examination. Cyanotic spells were observed when crying while on cardiac catheterization the baby was found to have tetralogy of fallot (TOF), pulmonary atresia, and ventricular septal defects with aorta lying over the septal defects. Baby J underwent
Blue baby Case Study Cyanosis is a disorder which causes “bluish discoloration” to the skin, specifically around the mucus membranes or nail beds. There are two types of Cyanosis disorders, depending on where the cyanotic discoloration is occurring. For example, if the cyanotic discoloration is occurring around the nasal or oral tissue membranes, this type of cyanosis would be described as Central Cyanosis. In the same matter, if the bluish discoloration is occurring in extremities such as toes
complication that manifest from Tetralogy of Fallow is a lack of oxygen flowing out of the heart and into the rest of the body. The subsequent problem that this causes is poor oxygen transport leading to cyanosis or blue tinged skin. An infant may be acutely cyanotic at birth or may have cyanosis that gets progressively worse over the first year of life. One of the four defects that are specific to Tetralogy of Fallow is referred to as a Ventricular Septal Defect. According to the National Heart,
solid sheet of tissue forms at the valve opening which keeps the valve closed. Due to this, the blood from the right side of the heart cannot travel in its normal pathway to pick up oxygen from the lungs. Symptoms of pulmonary atresia may include cyanosis, rapid breathing, fatigue, poor nutrition, and shortness of breath. Possible treatments of pulmonary atresia include administration of prostaglandin E1, open heart surgery, heart reconstruction, heart transplant, and heart
Methemoglobin: An Unlikely Explanation for Cyanosis Methemoglobinemia is an uncommon but possible reason for cyanosis. Methemoglobinemia is significant because the disease is fairly rare and consequently most physicians do not consider it as a cause when diagnosing a patient with cyanosis. Regrettably, patients often get misdiagnosed and sometimes treated for the wrong disorder as a result. A two fold dilemma occurs when the patient is treated for an incorrect disorder. The first part of the dilemma
hypertension (PAH) that is associated with congenital heart defect. Congenital heart defects such as ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), Lowering pulmonary hypertension, bringing more oxygen to the lung tissues and ease the cyanosis are the primary treatment focus for patient with ES (Freeborn & Holloway, 2016). Treatments include medicine, oxygen, and phlebotomy. According to Baffa (2014), heart and lung transplant are the only available treatment for a severe ES once the
First and foremost, Eisenmenger syndrome was initially described in 1897 when German physician, Victor Eisenmenger, reported on a patient with symptoms of dyspnea and cyanosis from infancy that subsequently developed heart failure (Connolly, 2014). The postmortem description was revealed and a ventricular septal defect was discovered (El-Chami et al., 2014a). With that being said, this had been the first time that the link between a large congenital cardiac shunt defect and the development of pulmonary
This consists of a defective septum between the ventricles and narrowing of the pulmonary artery resulting in cyanosis, also known as the blue baby syndrome. Thereby, in so doing they together pioneered the field of heart surgery. The movie expresses in an exaggerated way their race to rescue dying blue babies in opposition to the background of the racial segregation
creating symptoms such as decreased attention span. Breathing may become irregular, with cycles of deep and shallow breathing. Endurance for physical activity decreases, and motor function, particularly for fine movements, can also become impaired. Cyanosis, a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, becomes visible. As hypoxemia worsens, bradycardia and hypotension may occur. Ultimately, coma and death can result from severe, untreated hypoxemia. For long term low oxygen saturation conditions
Congestive heart failure is a chronic state, often referred to as heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle does not pump blood as well as it should. There are various complications with congestive heart failure. For example, narrowing arteries in the heart, known as coronary artery disease or high blood pressure, repeatedly leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump successfully. Sadly, not all situations that lead to heart failure are reversible, but treatments are implemented
approaching death includes the following: inability to swallow; pitting edema; decreased gastrointestinal and urinary tract activity; bowel and bladder incontinence; loss of motion, sensation, and reflexes; elevated temperature but cold or clammy skin; cyanosis; lowered blood pressure; and noisy or irregular respiration. The client may or may not loss consciousness. The indicators o imminent death is outlined by authors Black, Hawks and Keene states that, “Certain physical, cognitive, and behavioural changes
“Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare cardiac anomaly that occurs in approximately one in 20,000 live births and accounts for less than 1% of all congenital heart disease (Ebstein’s anomaly in adults)”. The goal of this paper is to examine Ebstein’s Anomaly - to understand what it is, how it affects the heart, possible presenting symptoms, and other possible complications associated with this anomaly. Diagnosis of this anomaly is key in treating patients, thus echocardiographic as well as other test modalities
The purpose of this paper is to establish an understanding of the rare heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot. Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect that is present at birth, with the structure of the heart being problematic. It changes the normal flow of blood through the heart. The aspects of it being explained are the overall disease and symptoms of it. Secondly, the long term and short term effects corresponding to the particular disease. Lastly, the causes, prevention, and statistics of
“Hypoplastic left heart syndrome accounts for 9% of all critically ill newborns with congenital cardiac disease, causing the largest number of cardiac deaths in the first year of life.(2) ” HLHS is a severe heart defect that is present at birth. HLHS combines different defects that result in an underdeveloped left side of the heart. This syndrome is one of the most challenging and difficult to manage of all of the congenital heart defects. Multiple portions on the left side of the heart are affected
patient seizes their temperature can run up to 105° or more while their pulse averages at about 90 beats per minute. The high temperature and low pulse are frequently combined with epistaxis (nosebleed) and cyanosis (blueness of the skin). The epistaxis is caused by the high temperature and the cyanosis is caused by a lack of oxygen due to the decreased pulse (Kent 34). The author of Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919, Susan Kinglsey Kent, provides a brief history of the pandemic and documents from the time
blue-tinged skin. Tetralogy of fallot is usually diagnosed during infancy or sooner. However, Tetralogy of Fallot may not be diagnosed until adulthood, depending on the severity of the defects and symptoms. Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot include cyanosis, which is a bluish coloration of the skin due to low blood oxygen
The aim of this report is to provide an overview of chronic heart failure, examining signs symptoms and treatment related to the case study, and the anatomy and physiology of the heart will be discussed, and the pathophysiology of chronic heart failure. The size of the heart is approximately the size of a persons closed fist. The weight is less than a pound, the heart is snugly enclosed within the Infer mediastinum, and the medial section of the thoracic cavity, the heart is flanked on each side
ischemia or infarction may occur as the result of coronary artery spasms – even if the patient shows no abnormalities in their coronary arteries. Other potential risks for using deliriants are hemorrhagic strokes due to hypertension, hypotension, cyanosis, cardiac arrhythmias, or renal failure. The high slowly affects the body as it progresses, the user will begin to lose control of their body; convulsions, inhibition of coordination skills, and twitching
Critical thinking is carried out by nurses on daily basis albeit most may not realize it. Masters (2017) defines critical thinking as, “the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner, solve problems, make decisions, and establish priorities in the clinical setting” (p 231). I found myself in a situation that required me to act quickly to save a patient’s life in my second year as a registered nurse. I received a direct admit from a physician’s office on this day. The patient was admitted
Symptoms • Appearance of a clear line between the affected and the unaffected skin • Appearance of a pallor of the distal potion in one or several digits excluding the thumbs • Pain in the digit or numbness followed by cyanosis of the digits. • The digits may become red and feel warm; these syndromes characterize the onset of the hypaeramic phase. 2. Treatment People with Reynaud’s syndrome should wear layers of clothing and gloves during cold in order to overcome mild