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Brief summary of congestive heart failure
Brief summary of congestive heart failure
Case Study 3 congestive heart failure
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Congestive heart failure is a chronic state, often referred to as heart failure. Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle does not pump blood as well as it should. There are various complications with congestive heart failure. For example, narrowing arteries in the heart, known as coronary artery disease or high blood pressure, repeatedly leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump successfully. Sadly, not all situations that lead to heart failure are reversible, but treatments are implemented to improve the symptoms of heart failure and provide a longer lifestyle. Day-to-day lifestyle changes such as exercising, reducing salt, managing stress, and losing weight can improve the quality of life. Additionally, a patient taking a combination …show more content…
First, is the inability of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output to support full functions; and second, is the recruitment of implements planned to maintain the cardiac reserve. Preload represents the stiffing that exists in the walls of the heart as an outcome of diastolic filling. Afterload represents the force to contract the heart, which must produce to eject blood from the filled atriums. Contractility is the ability of the contractile fundamentals of the heart muscle to interact and shorten against a load. Overall cardiac output is the amount of blood that the heart pumps each minute.
Congestive heart failure represents the end product of the many conditions that reduce the thrusting ability of the heart. Congestive heart failure is not a detailed disease but a illness that is measured by the inability of the heart to pump blood adequate with the metabolic needs of the body. Heart failure is accompanied by overcrowding of the body tissues. For instance, heart failure may be shown as an acute condition as in pulmonary edema or as a chronic condition as in congestive heart
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The right side of the heart moves deoxygenated blood. Once heart failure occurs this causes an accumulation or damming back flow of blood into the systemic venous system. Congestive heart failure results to blood back up and drains into the inferior vena cava, and the liver become swelled. The amount of edema fluid is an indication by a gain in weight. Therefore, daily measurements of weight gained can be used to calculating fluid accumulation in congestive heart failure. The left side of the heart moves oxygenated blood. When heart failures occurs the heart shifts blood from a low-pressure pulmonary circulation into a high-pressure side of the systemic circulation. Proximate is a decrease in cardiac output that increases in the left atrial and left ventricle diastolic pressures, and congestion in the pulmonary circulation. This increase in pulmonary pressure leads to pulmonary edema. In severe pulmonary edema, capillary fluid moves into the alveoli, which impairs the respiratory passages for adequate gas
According to the doctor, the patient might have developed congestive heart failure. Is it right-sided or
Pulmonary stenosis (PS) - Pulmonary Stenosis causes an obstruction of blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary arteries. This obstruction causes the right ventricle to have more difficulty pumping the oxygen-poor blood received from the vena cava to the lungs in order to pick up the oxygen needed. Therefore causing a decrease in exchange of oxygen in the lungs, as well as a decrease of blood volume to the lungs.
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
It occurs because of repetitive electrical activity. This can occur in a patient with early or late heart failure, because there is damage to the heart tissue and the heart beats faster to try to supply the body with blood. Recommended treatment is elective cardioversion. Drugs used include an antidysrhythmic such as Mexitil or Sotalol (Ignatavicius &Workman, p. 728-729).
O’Rourke [13] describes the pulse wave shape as: “A sharp upstroke, straight rise to the first systolic peak, and near-exponential pressure decay in the late diastole.” Arteries are compliant structures, which buffer the pressure change resulting from the pumping action of the heart. The arteries function by expanding and absorbing energy during systole (contraction of the cardiac muscle) and release this energy by recoiling during diastole (relaxation of the cardiac muscle). This function produces a smooth pulse wave comprising a sharp rise and gradual decay of the wave as seen in Figure 5. As the arteries age, they become less compliant and do not buffer the pressure change to the full extent. This results in an increase in systolic pressure and a decrease in diastolic pressure.
The blood circulates through coronary arteries and then to smaller vessels into cardiac muscle (myocardium). The blood flow is influenced by aortic pressure, which increases in systole, and the pumping activity of the ventricles. When the ventricle contracts, in systole, the coronary vessels are compressed by the contracted myocardium and partly blocked by the open aortic valve therefore the blood flow through the myocardium stops.
This systematic review conducted by Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M, (2012) sourced twenty-five trials, and the overall number of people of the collective trials included was 5,942. Interventions were classified and assessed using the following headings.-
The elasticity of the walls is important because it reduces the possibility of them bursting. Also as blood rushes out the heart in high pressure the walls stretch and become wider reducing the
Congestive Heart Failure is when the heart's pumping power is weaker than normal. It does not mean the heart has stopped working. Blood moves through the heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in the heart increases. This means the heart cannot pump enough oxygen and nutrients to meet the body's needs. The chambers of the heart respond by stretching to hold more blood to pump through the body, or by becoming more stiff and thickened.
Hypertension can be defined as a force exerted against the wall of blood vessels. However, high blood pressure occurs when there is high pressure at the time of ventricle contraction during the systolic phase against decrease contract during diastolic phase as the ventricles relax and refill. This can be recorded as systolic over diastolic in millimeters of mercury. (Wallymahmed, M. 2008).
Once the atrium contracts, blood cannot flow back into or enter the atria because the openings of the great veins have been narrowed by pressure. The ventricles are now filled with blood, accomplishing end-diastolic volume, which is another term for how much blood your ventricles can contain while your body is at rest. The next phase is early ventricular systole. Now that all the blood is in your ventricles, it must continue onward to the arterial trunk.
from this node to the muscles of the ventricles, and in this way contraction and
Just as breast cancer is killing our African American women, heart disease is also one of the major diseases killing our women. Heart disease is one of the nation’s leading causes of death in both woman and men. About 600,000 people die of heart disease in the United States (Americas heart disease burden, 2013). Some facts about heart disease are every year about 935,000 Americans have a heart attack. Of these, 610,000 are a first heart attack victim. 325,000 happen in people who have already had a heart attack. Also coronary heart disease alone costs the United States $108.9 billion each year. This total includes the cost of health care services, medications, and loss of productivity. Deaths of heart disease in the United States back in 2008 killed about 24.5% of African Americans.
Most often the disease starts in the left ventricle, and then often spreads to both the atrium and right ventricle as well. Usually there will also be mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, due to the dilation of the annuli. This regurgitation will continue to make problems worse by adding excessive volume and pressure to the atria, which is what then causes them to dilate. Once the atria become dilated it often leads to atrial fibrillation. As the volume load increases the ventricles become more dilated and over time the myocytes become weakened and cannot contract as they should. As you might have guessed with the progressive myocyte degeneration, there is a reduction in cardiac output which then may present as signs of heart failure (Lily).
Some of the blood would enter the right ventricle from where it was thought to be diverted to the pulmonary artery to nourish the lungs. In his model, air is taken up in the lungs by pulmonary veins,