The Circulatory System
The circulatory system in anatomy and physiology is the course taken by the blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins and back to the heart. In humans and the higher vertebrates, the heart is made up of four chambers the right and left auricles, or atria, and the right and left ventricles. The right side of the heart pumps oxygen-poor blood from the cells of the body back to the lungs for new oxygen; the left side of the heart receives blood rich in oxygen from the lungs and pumps it through the arteries to the various parts of the body. Circulation begins early in fetal life. It is estimated that a given portion of the blood completes its course of circulation in approximately 30 seconds. Pulmonary circulation is where the blood from the entire body is transported to the right auricle through two large veins. The superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava. When the right auricle contracts, it forces the blood through an opening into the right ventricle. Contraction of this ventricle drives the blood to the lungs. Blood is prevented from returning into the auricle by the tricuspid valve, which completely closes during contraction of the ventricle. In its passage through the lungs, the blood is oxygenated, that is, then it is brought back to the heart by the four pulmonary veins, which enter the left auricle. When this chamber contracts, blood is forced into the left ventricle and then by ventricular contraction into the aorta. The bicuspid, or mitral, valve prevents the blood from flowing back into the auricle, and the semilunar valves at the beginning of the aorta stop it from flowing back into the ventricle. Similar valves are present in the pulmonary artery.
The aorta divides into a number of main branches, which in turn divide into smaller ones until the entire body is supplied by an elaborately branching series of blood vessels. The smallest arteries divide into a fine network of still more minute vessels, the capillaries, which have extremely thin walls; thus, the blood is enabled to come into close relation with the fluids and tissues of the body. In the capillaries, the blood performs three functions then it releases its oxygen to the tissues, it furnishes to the body cells the nutrients and other essential substances that...
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...itiating the heartbeat. The contraction then spreads over the auricles in the septum between the auricles, it excites another node called the auriculoventricular node. The auriculoventricular bundle conducts the impulse from this node to the muscles of the ventricles, and in this way contraction and relaxation of the heart are coordinated. Each phase of the cardiac cycle is associated with the production of an electrical potential that can be recorded by electrical instruments to produce a reading known as an electrocardiogram.
Circulation of the blood in superficial capillaries can be observed under the microscope. The red blood cells can be seen moving along rapidly in the middle of the blood current, while the white cells advance more slowly along the walls of the capillaries. The capillaries present a far larger surface with which the blood comes in contact than do other blood vessels end because they consequently offer the greatest resistance to the progress of the blood, they have a great influence on the circulation. Capillaries expand when temperature rises and help to cool the blood then they contract in cold and help preserve internal heat.
The circulatory system and respiratory system share a highly important relationship that is crucial to maintaining the life of an organism. In order for bodily processes to be performed, energy to be created, and homeostasis to be maintained, the exchange of oxygen from the external environment to the intracellular environment is performed by the relationship of these two systems. Starting at the heart, deoxygenated/carbon-dioxide (CO2)-rich blood is moved in through the superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium, then into the right ventricle when the heart is relaxed. As the heart contracts, the deoxygenated blood is pumped through the pulmonary arteries to capillaries in the lungs. As the organism breathes and intakes oxygenated air, oxygen is exchanged with CO2 in the blood at the capillaries. As the organism breathes out, it expels the CO2 into the external environment. For the blood in the capillaries, it is then moved into pulmonary veins and make
occurs so the heat deep in the muscles is conserved. Since the vessels are now
Haven't you ever wondered what would happen if you didn't have a digestive or circulatory system? Well, basically you wouldn't be able to be reading this or even be alive. While there are many important systems in the body, the circulatory and digestive are the two most important. There are many ways that they are similar, different, and how they work together.
Regulation- Blood vessels help maintain a stable body temperature by controlling the blood flow to the surface of the skin (Terfera, David, and Jegtvi)
The heart is two sided and has four chambers and is mostly made up of muscle. The heart’s muscles are different from other muscles in the body because the heart’s muscles cannot become tired, so the muscle is always expanding and contacting. The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In the right side of the heart, there is low pressure and its job is to send red blood cells. Blood enters the right heart through a chamber which is called right atrium. The right atrium is another word for entry room. Since the atrium is located above the right ventricle, a mixture of gravity and a squeeze pushes tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid is made up of three things that allow blood to travel from top to bottom in the heart but closes to prevent the blood from backing up in the right atrium.
The blood that is being carried away is very enriched with oxygen after it leaves the lungs and proceeds to the body’s tissues. The further the arteries get away from the heart they become smaller and more narrow and are eventually called arterioles. Arterioles and arteries just about have the same structure and function. Arterioles have strong, thick muscular walls and a rather small passageway for the blood to travel in and out. Also, they are the most highly regulated blood vessels in the blood and contain blood under high blood
Anatomy of the heart consists of the Atria, which is a collection of blood and not much pump force, Auricle which is attached to the atria to increase potential volume filling, Ventricles have thought myocardium and do the majority of pumping blood, Exterior is the coronary sulcus and the anterior and posterior sulci, the apex is inferior and only the larger left side, and then the base is the superior flattened top of the heart. As we know the heart does conduct electricity, the resting threshold of the heart is -90mV and has a fast and slow channel. Fast channels are transitory whereas slow channels are long lasting which allows for prolonged depolarization. The heart has different rates of depolarizations, it has a central node (SA) which “is the heart 's natural pacemaker”(Medicine Net) which has a BPM of
The pattern of blood flow starts in the left atrium to right atrium, then into the left ventricle and right ventricle. During its course, blood flows through the mitral and tricuspid valves. Simultaneously, the right atrium is granted blood from the veins through the superior and inferior vena cava. The job of the superior vena cava is to transport de-oxygenated blood to the right atrium. When your heart beats, the first beat represents the AV valves closing to prevent the backflow of blood into the atrium.
In this discussion post we are to describe the structures and functions of the respiratory system. We were asked to include major organs and how they work within the body and to notate symptoms of failure within the respiratory system.
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
Every cell in the human body requires oxygen to function, and the lungs make that oxygen available. With every breath we take, air travels to the lungs through a series of tubes and airways. After passing through the mouth and throat, air moves through the larynx, commonly known as the voice box, and then through the trachea, or windpipe. The trachea divides into two branches, called the right bronchus and the left bronchus, that connect directly to the lungs. Air continues through the bronchi, which divide into smaller and smaller air passages in the lungs, called bronchioles. The bronchioles end in clusters of tiny air sacs, called alveoli, which are surrounded by tiny, thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries.
The Respiratory System 1. Define respiration. Respiration is the process of converting glucose to energy, which goes to every cell in the body. 2. Describe the organs of external respiration.
One important body system is the circulatory system. The systems job is to pump blood to all parts of the body. The blood circulates inside of many tubes and blood vessels which are found in your body. Blood vessels carry the blood to all parts of the body. Oxygen goes into the blood every time we take a breath. Carbon dioxide is a kind of gas. The blood carries carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. When a person breathes out, the body is getting rid of carbon dioxide. Your circulatory system works twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. It even works when you are sleeping. The circulatory system delivers food, fluids and chemicals to cells throughout your body. It helps to clear your body of waste and carries cells that fight diseases. If your circulatory system would stop working, your cells would starve. Sometimes a doctor would give a patient a vaccine directly into the circulatory system so the medicine should travel to the parts of the body that need it. The circulatory system is made up of three main parts: the heart, the blood vessels, and the blood. The two main kinds of blood vessels are arteries and veins. There are also smaller vessels called capillaries. Arteries and veins are connected by capillaries. A heart of a human is a muscle. The heart has a left side and right side. On the right side, blood enters the heart from the body and then goes from the right side of the heart and to the lungs. In the lungs, it picks up oxygen and returns to the left side of the heart. The oxygen and the blood are then pumped to the body. The heart contains valves. The valves function is to keep the blood flowing in one direction. Each side of the heart is divided into two parts. The upper chamber is called an...
The human body is very complex. It is like a job. You have to do a million things in one day to make it through the day. The body uses nine systems to do all of those jobs. They all have separate functions, but some work together. Each system is also made up of organs. There are many ways to care and protect the systems from the many different problems they can have. There are also many interesting facts about each system.