First and foremost, Eisenmenger syndrome was initially described in 1897 when German physician, Victor Eisenmenger, reported on a patient with symptoms of dyspnea and cyanosis from infancy that subsequently developed heart failure (Connolly, 2014). The postmortem description was revealed and a ventricular septal defect was discovered (El-Chami et al., 2014a). With that being said, this had been the first time that the link between a large congenital cardiac shunt defect and the development of pulmonary hypertension had ever been noted (El-Chami et al., 2014b). The normal heart has four chambers. The two upper chambers are separated from each other by the atrial septum (NORD, 2014a). The two lower chambers are known as ventricles and are separated from each other by the ventricular septum (NORD, 2014b). Eisenmenger Syndrome is a congenital heart defect that is …show more content…
My main image is a display of a red blood cell because that’s what Eisenmenger Syndrome is in a nut shell, a congenital heart defect (hole in the heart) that is made up of actual red blood cells. I felt that this image was very fitting for my topic because that is essentially what my research was about. I choose the image tiles that I did because Eisenmenger’s Syndrome occurs in babies and is discovered during birth. Also, I like to further my research on topics such as this one because I hope to have kids one day, so the more knowledge I have on the different types of congenital diseases the healthier my future children might be. Through these specific tiles, I’m trying to convey the fact that Eisenmenger’s Syndrome is an extremely rare disease that occurs in babies because it is a congenital defect and I wanted to learn more about the disease as well as placing awareness on
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a rare inherited group of connective tissue disorders characterized by defects of the major structural protein in the body (collagen). Collagen is a tough fibrous protein that plays an essential role in binding, holding together, strengthening, and providing elasticity to bodily cells and tissues. There are six major types of EDS that I will discuss, however I will only go into a detailed discussion on two of the six types of EDS. The two major types of EDS are Classical EDS and Hypermobile EDS. These two types make up 90% of all EDS cases.
Ebstein’s Anomaly is a rare congenital condition, present at birth, in which the tricuspid valve is malformed and the valve itself is not in the correct anatomic place (Mayo Clinic Staff). This anomaly affects the right side of the heart – the tricuspid valve is located too deep into the ventricle, causing a smaller and weaker right ventricle. The space above the decreased right ventricle is made up of atrial tissue and this can be referred to as right ventricle dysplasia or an atrialized right ventricle (Reynolds). Typically the tricuspid valve has three freely moving leaflets, but in Ebstein’s anomaly one or two of those leaflets get fused to the heart walls causing regurgitation. Since the heart does not work as efficiently in those who have this anomaly, the heart usually compensates and becomes enlarged. It...
“Hypoplastic left heart syndrome accounts for 9% of all critically ill newborns with congenital cardiac disease, causing the largest number of cardiac deaths in the first year of life.(2) ” HLHS is a severe heart defect that is present at birth. HLHS combines different defects that result in an underdeveloped left side of the heart. This syndrome is one of the most challenging and difficult to manage of all of the congenital heart defects. Multiple portions on the left side of the heart are affected including the left ventricle, the mitral and aortic valve, and the ascending aorta. These structures are greatly reduced in size, or completely nonexistent causing the functionality of the left heart to be reduced, or non-functional all together.
Jackson-Weiss Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive malformations of the head and facial area and abnormalities of the feet. The syndrome is very rare for people to get because it happens through genetics which has mutations in the FGFR2 gene that causes the syndrome. Jackson-Weiss Syndrome is a very interesting diagnosis that is inherited, has different features, and surgical procedures.
of the heart: one chamber is on the top and one chamber is on the
Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lungs has been extensively described in association with other congenital abnormalities such as bronchopulmonary sequestration and hypogenetic lung syndrome (scimitar syndrome). In 1946, Pryce introduced the term ‘sequestration’ to describe congenital abnormalities characterised by an anomalous systemic arterial supply to the lung and atresia or hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery. Sequestration was defined by Pryce as a “disconnected (dislocated, ectopic) bronchopulmonary mass or cyst with an anomalous systemic blood supply”.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease of the heart, making the cardiac muscle is thick and strong. The thick muscle causes a decrease in cavity size, forcing the heart to pump less blood. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is one of the primary causes of sudden death as the prevention of blood flow causes cardiac arrest. More successful research is being conducted on HCM, including research on the genetics associated and the heredity of the genes. Unfortunately this disorder effects many young athletes due to their increased stresses of training on their heart. However, despite the use of new technology such as the electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram, the strategies are limited, restricting new answers.
These causes will change the heart significantly. The pathophysiology of heart failure is described differently as: (1) an oedematous disorder, by means of which the deviations in renal hemodynamics and excretory ability lead to salt and water holding; (2) a hemodynamic disorder, considered by peripheral vasoconstriction and decreased cardiac output; (3) a neurohormonal disorder, mainly by stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adrenergic nervous system; (4) an inflammatory syndrome, related with amplified local and circulation pro-inflammatory cytokines; (5) a myocardial disease, started with an damage to the heart trailed by pathological ventricular transformation. In heart failure, the heart sustains either a sudden or longstanding structural injury. When damage occurs, sequences of firstly compensatory but consequently maladaptive mechanisms follow (Henry & Abraham, ).
Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease which involves four different heart defects in one. The four different heart defects are a large ventricular septal defect (VSD), Pulmonary Stenosis, Right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. These congenital defects change the normal flow of blood thro...
Angelman syndrome (AS), first described by Dr. Harry Angelman in 1965 is a neuro-genetic disorder that arises in one of 15,000 live births in the nation. This syndrome most commonly presents developmental delays, minimal speech, and the inability to walk; these are very common symptoms of many other more frequently diagnosed disorders. It is often misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy or autism due to the similar characteristics it possesses and its lack of identification. However, the characteristic possessed by the individual who has Angelman is the expression of happiness. This kind of expression is associated with general exuberance and profuse smiling and laughing, as well as an elated personality. Due to the name and the joyful demeanor, carriers of this syndrome are called Angels.
Jonathan Juste 4/21/14 Hum. Bio Analysis of Angelman Syndrome In 1965 , Dr. Harry Angelman, an English physician, first described three children with characteristics now known as the Angelman syndrome. Angelman syndrome is a neuro-genetic disorder that is usually diagnosed at a very young age, and it happens within 1 in every 15,000 births.
My poster contains images that I used to give a very brief imagery of Dr. Paul Farmer’s life. In the center I put a large photo of him so someone could see his full facial appearance. I put the logos for Duke University and Harvard University to show where he went for his schooling. I put Duke’ logo on blue construction paper to represent the school’s blue colors, and I put Harvard’s logo on red construction paper for the same reason. I put a quote on the bottom-right of the poster, because I feel this quote represents a general mentality of Dr. Paul Farmer. I put two pictures of Farmer treating Haitian patients, because the majority of his life’s work is treating poor people in Haiti. I put the picture of Haitian hands holding a cross to represent the religious belief of Haitians. Many of Farmer’s patients had trouble
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is an inherited disease that affects the cardiac muscle of the heart, causing the walls of the heart to thicken and become stiff. [1] On a cellular level, the sarcomere increase in size. As a result, the cardiac muscles become abnormally thick, making it difficult for the cells to contract and the heart to pump. A genetic mutation causes the myocytes to form chaotic intersecting bundles. A pathognomonic abnormality called myocardial fiber disarray. [2,12] How the hypertrophy is distributed throughout the heart is varied. Though, in most cases, the left ventricle is always affected. [3] The heart muscle can thicken in four different patterns. The most common being asymmetrical septal hypertrophy without obstruction. Here the intraventricular septum becomes thick, but the mitral valve is not affected. Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy with obstruction causes the mitral valve to touch the septal wall during contraction. (Left ventricle outflow tract obstruction.) The obstruction of the mitral valve allows for blood to slowly flow from the left ventricle back into the left atrium (Mitral regurgitation). Symmetrical hypertrophy is the thickening of the entire left ven...
The heart is a pump with four chambers made of their own special muscle called cardiac muscle. Its interwoven muscle fibers enable the heart to contract or squeeze together automatically (Colombo 7). It’s about the same size of a fist and weighs some where around two hundred fifty to three hundred fifty grams (Marieb 432). The size of the heart depends on a person’s height and size. The heart wall is enclosed in three layers: superficial epicardium, middle epicardium, and deep epicardium. It is then enclosed in a double-walled sac called the Pericardium. The terms Systole and Diastole refer respectively and literally to the contraction and relaxation periods of heart activity (Marieb 432). While the doctor is taking a patient’s blood pressure, he listens for the contractions and relaxations of the heart. He also listens for them to make sure that they are going in a single rhythm, to make sure that there are no arrhythmias or complications. The heart muscle does not depend on the nervous system. If the nervous s...
In my first slide I color corrected both the performing arts logo and STEM logo and placed them next to each other to show how different and unique they both are. Just like I chose to do to the color of the backgrounds, the performing arts logo was bright and eye catching, while the STEM logo was dark and uninviting. The next slide I chose a picture that had music notes that were similar to the background and a graph that helped further explain my subpoint. Both pictures were tilted because it helped one’s eye focus on different things every time one looked at it. I then picked sports pictures that were taken from creative and different perspectives, because it was a very original way to take pictures. This also supports my thesis, because it shows how when people have schooling in different art areas like photography they can make really creative things. Then I used pictures that were or children to help support the fact that when children are introduced early to performing art programs the benefits are more significant. Next, every picture I used in sides about STEM programs I made them slightly transparent and darker to add to the subtle hint that they are dull and uninteresting. Finally, the very last slides has pictures laid over top of each other to show all the different works of art, which are iconic like the mona lisa and album covers, were all made by artists in the performing arts