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Research paper on tetralogy of fallot
Research paper on tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot research paper
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Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare condition caused by a combination of four heart defects that are present at birth. These defects, which affect the structure of the heart, cause oxygen-poor blood to flow out of the heart and to the rest of the body. Infants and children that are diagnosed with Tetralogy of fallot have blood that does not carry enough oxygen throughout their body, and that will cause the infants and children to have blue-tinged skin. Tetralogy of fallot is usually diagnosed during infancy or sooner. However, Tetralogy of Fallot may not be diagnosed until adulthood, depending on the severity of the defects and symptoms. Symptoms of Tetralogy of Fallot include cyanosis, which is a bluish coloration of the skin due to low blood oxygen …show more content…
Tet spells are most common in young infants, around 2 to 4 months old. Toddlers or older children might squat when they are short of breath, which helps increase blood flow to the lungs. Tetralogy of Fallot is caused during fetal growth, when the baby's heart is developing. While factors such as maternal nutrition, viral illness or genetic disorders might increase the risk of this condition, in most cases the cause of Tetralogy of Fallot is unknown. There are four defects that are present at birth that cause this condition; They are, pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. some children or adults who have Tetralogy of Fallot may have other heart defects, such as a hole between the heart's upper chambers (atrial septal defect), a right aortic arch or abnormalities of the coronary arteries. Diagnosis of Tetralogy of Fallot include a physical examination, echocardiography, electrocardiogram, chest x-ray, pulse oximetry, and cardiac catheterization. Tetralogy of Fallot is treated by surgery, which is the only effective treatment for Tetralogy of
Tetralogy of Fallow is a surgically, treatable disease characterized by all or a combination of at least four congenital birth defects. It accounts for 10% of all congenital heart defects that modify the formation of the heart. It also alters the way blood flows through the heart. Tetralogy of Fallow is usually diagnosed at birth or infancy and with surgery a child can live a relatively normal life. The prefix tetra means four and the term fallot is named after a French doctor who first discovered the disease in the 1800’s. Appropriately named after the discovery, Tetralogy of Fallow came about because of the four heart defects observed. One major complication that manifest from Tetralogy of Fallow is a lack of oxygen flowing out of the heart and into the rest of the body. The subsequent problem that this causes is poor oxygen transport leading to cyanosis or blue tinged skin. An infant may be acutely cyanotic at birth or may have cyanosis that gets progressively worse over the first year of life.
“Hypoplastic left heart syndrome accounts for 9% of all critically ill newborns with congenital cardiac disease, causing the largest number of cardiac deaths in the first year of life.(2) ” HLHS is a severe heart defect that is present at birth. HLHS combines different defects that result in an underdeveloped left side of the heart. This syndrome is one of the most challenging and difficult to manage of all of the congenital heart defects. Multiple portions on the left side of the heart are affected including the left ventricle, the mitral and aortic valve, and the ascending aorta. These structures are greatly reduced in size, or completely nonexistent causing the functionality of the left heart to be reduced, or non-functional all together.
Travertine TRAVERTINE is a form of massive calcium carbonate, CaCO3 resulting from deposition by springs or rivers. It is often beautifully colored and banded as a result of the presence of iron compounds or other (e.g., organic) impurities. This material is variously known as calc-sinter and calcareous tufa and (when used for decorative purposes) as onyx marble, Mexican onyx, and Egyptian or Oriental alabaster. Travertine is generally less coarse-grained and takes a higher polish than stalactite and stalagmite, which are similar in chemical composition and origin. Travertine, the stone of the Colosseum and St. Peters as well as of several structures in New York and Philadelphia, is not a volcanic tufa but calcareous sediment that was deposited on the ground by the hot springs that first began to flow during the earliest eruptions of the Alban volcanoes. The best quality, in fact the only reliable one in Latium, is that which is found between Bagni and the Sabine hills below Tivoli. Lanciani, who has fascinatingly described the quarries there, estimated that five and a half million cubic meters of stone had been extracted from the ancient quarry alone. And yet, because of its position under a flat grass-grown plain, the Romans did not discover the existence of this remarkable stone till after the middle of the second century B. C.; and even after that they failed for a century to develop a system of extracting the stone in a sufficiently easy way to make the extensive use of it practicable. In the later decades of the second century B. C. it displaced peperino for inscriptional monuments for obvious reasons. Its employment in large structures cannot with certainty be posited before the construction of the Mulvian bridge in 109,...
In the philosophical novel The Fall by Albert Camus power is a major theme that comprises the novel and guides the life of the main character, Jean-Baptiste Clamence. To Jean-Baptiste having power over others is a necessity and key component to how he leads his life. The main way that Jean-Baptiste feels that power over others is when he is judging them. He also ties power to physically being above someone, such as on top of a mountain, and by taking a God-like position of authority over others.
.... Tetralogy of Fallot occurs during fetal growth when the baby’s heart is developing. In most cases the cause of this disease is unknown.
When we sit in the stands at a high school football game and the marching band steps out onto the field and begins their performance, they march in very intricately choreographed paths. As viewers of the performance, we don’t see a hundred kids moving and weaving around the field. Instead we see shapes and letters in the marches. We see patterns that were choreographed by the members of the band. They know that we won’t see what each individual member of the band moving to and fro, instead we see the band as a whole and will have no trouble attributing shapes and patterns to their formations. What the band is utilizing is our brain’s tendency to interpret large volumes of information in a way that creates patterns and meanings that may not
When it comes to poetry there are various ways in which people interpret it. Depending on the person and his or her experiences a poem can hit a person a certain way, especially with a great poet such as John Keats, who has written a great amount of beautiful poems that fascinated the literature world. The great poetry he has written has left him as one of the greatest poets of all time. It is unfortunate that he deceased at such a young age considering he was at his prime when it came to writing poetry. Keats writing is brilliant and can really paint several images in the reader’s head. The way he was able to paint a vivid image by the use of symbolism and the metaphors he is able to incorporate into his poems.
Treacher Collins syndrome also has a diagnosis like the other ones but it can be discovered when the baby is in the stomach but it relies on clinical radio graphic findings. Sometimes the signs of this syndrome can be found when the baby is in the stomach. To be diagnosed the doctor would have to examine the baby carefully so signs are discovered. It is suspected to be a ribosomopathy (Any disease or malfunction of ribosomes or cell organelles that consist of RNA and proteins ), where a genetic abnormally causes impaired ribosome biogenesis & function resulting in a special clinical prototype.
The aim of this essay is to critically analyse a clinical incident involving an adult with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD). I will define reflection, then select a reflective model and critically reflect on the incident demonstrating my new found knowledge. Lastly, I will suggest how nursing practice should change to improve the care of this group of patients.
In his painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, Bruegel uses the motif of perspective to convey the notion that people become so absorbed in their everyday lives that they don’t notice what is happening around them. The plowman is an example of the perspective of the painting. The plowman is located in the center of the painting. Viewer’s eyes are drawn to the plowman because he is wearing a bright red shirt which contrasts the neutral colors around him. His head is looking down towards the field, and not paying attention to anything else around him. Another example of the perspective is the shepherd. The shepherd is resting his head on his crook, while the sheep graze around him. There are light colors around the shepherd and he is also located in the center of the painting. Another example of how Bruegel uses
Do we live in an imperfect world or just a world full of human flaws? In The Fall, by Noble Prize Winner Albert Camus, it gives readers a glimpse into how citizens have the desire to discover the meaning of life. Camus asserts existentialism in the book and asks the question of do you have a purpose in life. Camus expresses the philosophy of the absurd, which means that all men are guilty of something, whether it is by our actions or inactions. The crimes we fail to stop, are just as bad as committing the crimes ourselves. The book draws attention to a point in your life where you have an understanding that you are a person with flaws, faced with your personal responsibility from your actions and significantly too,
1. How did the fall of the Roman Empire impact city development throughout Europe, and why do you think the fall of the Roman Empire had this kind of impact?
Obviously, the subject of the movie “A Little Romance” is an archetypal romance. Many aspects of the story support this assertion. For example, the plot- Lauren and Daniel embark on a quest to Venice. Eventually, these two young lovers enjoy a triumphant return. Also, the archetypal characters help establish that it is a romance; Lauren represents a royal birth, with her glamorous upbringing and obvious affluence, and Daniel represents humble beginnings. With his sleazy behavior and relative power, the director is the evil king. Both Lauren and Daniel have a false parent, but Lauren’s mom doubles as a blocking parent. Young and in love, the couple must navigate these pitfalls and others with the help of two wise men- Julius and Lauren’s stepfather-
The love story of Tristan and Iseult due to the changes of the society's values and morals and character development.
In the poem “To Autumn” the initial impression that we get is that Keats is describing a typical Autumn day with all its colors and images. On deeper reading it becomes evident that it is more than just that. The poem is rather a celebration of the cycle of life and acceptance that death is part of life.