Some of the things that the person may experience are auditory, olfactory, or tactile hallucinations, ventricular ectopics, tachycardia, hypertension, or cocaine fever which is characterized by increased body temperature and a higher-than-normal respiratory rate. In severe cases, myocardial ischemia or infarction may occur as the result of coronary artery spasms – even if the patient shows no abnormalities in their coronary arteries. Other potential risks for using deliriants are hemorrhagic strokes due to hypertension, hypotension, cyanosis, cardiac arrhythmias, or renal failure. The high slowly affects the body as it progresses, the user will begin to lose control of their body; convulsions, inhibition of coordination skills, and twitching …show more content…
An opiate is a narcotic that relates to, resembles, or contains opium which is an addictive drug with sedative qualities. A few examples of opiates are heroin, Fentanyl, Vicodin, and oxycontin, but it can also be obtained through prescription painkillers and other stronger narcotics. A study conducted in 2016 and 2017 estimated that adolescents as young as twelve years old had experimented with opiates. (Resource 14) Barbiturates were primarily used in the 1960s and 1970s by medical professionals to treat ailments such anxiety and insomnia, as well as seizure disorders. It was a highly addictive drug that has lead to many patient deaths from overdose and has since become largely obsolete in the medical field, with the lesser addictive benzodiazepines (BZD) replacing it. Although most physicians have suspended its use, barbiturates are still used for anesthesia induction, tension headache relief, extreme cases of insomnia, and seizures that do not respond to weaker medications. This substance is mainly abused by adolescents who use it to get high or to counteract the effects of cocaine. The stimulant has a similar result to alcohol, leaving the user feeling comatose with potential side effects of disorientation, vertigo, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting, irritability, diarrhea, and
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has become a genuine phenomenon and can be problematic for the patient and the staff caring for them. Delirium occurs when a patient is placed in an unfamiliar environment and has to endure the stress of not just the hospitalization but the stimuli of the environment, which can cause disturbances in consciousness. Patients can become confused, anxious, and agitated; making this difficult for the staff to correctly diagnosis and care for them. Sleep deprivation and environmental factors along with neurotransmitters are strongly related to the occurrence of ICU delirium. ICU staff needs to become more educated on prevention, detection, and proper treatment for the patient experiencing this condition.
THC over activates the brain receptors causing the “high” feeling people get and giving them altered senses. b) When receptors are over activated people will have altered senses, change of mood, wrong time sense and delusion. II. Short term effects give people pleasure but long term effects are more dangerous. 1.
Almost one hundred years ago, prescription drugs like morphine were available at almost any general store. Women carried bottles of very addictive potent opiate based pain killers in their purse. Many individuals like Edgar Allen Poe died from such addictions. Since that time through various federal, state and local laws, drugs like morphine are now prescription drugs; however, this has not stopped the addiction to opiate based pain killers. Today’s society combats an ever increasing number of very deadly addictive drugs from designer drugs to narcotics to the less potent but equally destructive alcohol and marijuana. With all of these new and old drugs going in and out of vogue with addicts, it appears that the increase of misuse and abuse is founded greater in the prescription opiate based painkillers.
Opioids are used as pain relievers and although it does the job, there are adverse side effects. Opioids are frequently used in the medical field, allowing doctors to overprescribe their patients. The substance can be very addicting to the dosage being prescribed to the patient. Doctors are commonly prescribing opioids for patients who have mild, moderate, and severe pain. As the pain becomes more severe for the patient, the doctor is more likely to increase the dosage. The increasing dosages of the narcotics become highly addicting. Opioids should not be prescribed as pain killers, due to their highly addictive chemical composition, the detrimental effects on opioid dependent patients, the body, and on future adolescents. Frequently doctors have become carless which causes an upsurge of opioids being overprescribed.
According to CDC in the year 2015 opioids played a part in 33,091 deaths. Now you may ask what an opioid is. An Opioid is a compound that binds to opioid receptors in the body to reduce the amount of pain. There are four main categories of opioids, one being natural opioid analgesics including morphine and codeine, and semi synthetic opioid analgesics, including oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, and oxymorphone. The second category being methadone, a synthetic opioid, the third category being synthetic opioid analgesics other than methadone includes tramadol and fentanyl. The last category is an illicit opioid that is synthesized from morphine called heroin.
Opiates are a class of drugs that are used for chronic pain. Opioids are substances that are used to relieve pain by binding opiate receptors throughout the body, and in the brain. These areas in the brain control pain and also emotions, producing a feeling of excitement or happiness. As the brain gets used to these feelings, and the body builds a tolerance to the opioids, there is a need for more opioids and then the possibility of addiction. There are different forms of opioids manufactured such as Morphine, Oxycodone, Buprenorphine, Hydrocodone, and Methadone.
The Opium Wars between Great Britain and China in 1839 to 1842 and 1856 to 1860 with the French joining forces with Great Britain led to social, economic and political changes in China, specifically the Qing Dynasty. The Opium Wars documented by Lieutenant John Ouchterlony, an Indian Army Officer of Madras Engineers, in “The Chinese Wars: an account of all the operations of the British Forces” gives a first-hand look into many of the events he witnessed before, during and after the wars. The action in the book ranges from Hong Kong, Canton, Shanghai, and later in Nanking where the Chinese are compelled to sign a treaty to end the First Opium War. From an unbiased perspective, which criticizes, yet praises both sides, Ouchterlony is able to portray the events that transpired in vivid detail through his words along with illustrations throughout the book. The details portrayed by Ouchterlony prior to the first war, explains how China could have easily prevented such disaster and embarrassment from occurring and tarnishing their image.
The most common prescription drug that many teenage drug abusers may be stealing or trying to purchase online would be opioids, also known as narcotics, which include drugs such as OxyContin, morphine, and Percocet (5). Narcotics are drugs that are used to relieve pain, triggering a sense of euphoria from the brain’s pleasure center. Many teens may abuse narcotics to feel that sense of pleasure (5). Another prescription medication that teenagers commonly abuse are stimulants, such as Adderall, Ritalin, and Dexedrine. These drugs stimulate dopamine production in the brain, lifting moods and calming anxiety, which is why it is a commonly abused prescription drug (5). Due to the easy accessibility with some of these prescription medications and their high potential for abuse, teenagers who abuse them are putting their mind’s and bodies at risk for the many side effects that come along with abusing drugs, which can sometimes be fatal.
Hallucinogens: a general group of pharmacological agents that can be divided into three broad categories: psychedelics, dissociatives, and deliriants. Hallucinogenic drugs have played a role in civilization for thousands of year. It began with naturally occurring hallucinogens, such as the peyote cactus plant and wild mushrooms. Now there are man made drugs that have the same or more intense affects. These include lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), MDMA (ecstasy), and dextromethorphan (DMX, often found in cough syrup). Within this essay, I will cover the history, production, and affects of hallucinogenic drugs.
LSD stands for Iysergic acid diethylamide. LSD is a hallucinate know to be the most powerful drug of this kind. LSD is commonly known as acid. This drug changes a person’s mental state by distorting the perception of reality to the point where at high doses hallucination occurs. Acid is derived from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It is semi-synthetic. It’s manufactured chemically in illicit laboratories, except for a small percent, which is produced legally for research.
On September 21, 2016, I attended my first Narcotic’s Anonymous (NA) meeting at Cana Lutheran Church. Before attending this meeting, I had some preconceived views on what an ordinary NA meeting might be like. I originally thought of the meeting only as a group of individuals seated in a circle while sharing their feelings. I imagined that these people might be forced to attend the meeting by a spouse or some other influence in their lives. However, I was certainly mistaken. This meeting was much more; in fact, it is an essential part of the recovery process for many.
Extreme gasping and muscle spasms can occur. While losing consciousness, a person can vomit and then inhale the vomit. Panic, feelings of terror and assaultive behavior take place from the drug-induced confusion. Other problems can include difficulty in taking the drugs, failure of the drugs to induce unconsciousness and a number of days elapsing before death occurs. (NEJM)
Barbiturates are one of many deoressants. Medically barbiturates are used for suizure disure disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates can be injected but are usaully used in pill form. Abuse of barbiturates in small doses makes the user feel drowsy. In large doses the user staggeers as if drunk, slurrs, and confused. In very high doses it can cause coma and death. This drug is very addictive, in a month of using the user will need to increase dose. Street names include blue heavns, yellow jackets, goof balls, ladies seggy, rainbows.
The availability of opioids without a prescription or getting the medication from a friend or family member for free is one reason behind opioids addiction. It is important to know that some of them are illegal and have medical psychological effect and thus it is not safe to use them. One example is heroin which can change brain function make its user to perform unusual activities because of their effects of giving feelings of having different energy levels and more confidence. Consequently, taken in large quantity can result if feelings of anxiety and hallucinations and it can also result in death of the user. Authorities in health care system must constrain opioids availability and locate them to
Delirium: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (2013, October 31). (U.S. National Library of Medicine) Retrieved November 23, 2013, from U.S National Library of Medicine: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000740.htm