Functional ankle instability is described as the tendency of the foot to ‘give way’.1 Functional instability (FI) is defined as the subjective feeling of ankle instability or recurrent, symptomatic ankle sprains (or both) due to proprioceptive and neuromuscular deficits.2 Individuals reporting giving way in the absence of a mechanical deficit are usually classified as having FAI.Incidents of the ankle “giving way”, is reported in 40% to 60% of individuals who suffer at least one ankle sprain. 3,12,16
represented in table 5, descriptive statistics of sheets general characteristics were represented in table 6 and descriptive statistics of sheets results were represented in table 7, internal consistency calculations were made and it was found that Cronbach's alpha equals 0.848 with lower bound 0.789 and upper bound 0.896 at 95% confidence interval., test versus retest calculations were made as shown in table 8 and Spearman’s correlations coefficients were calculated and represented in table
There is much significance in measuring ones experiences to determine particular feelings or emotions. Such knowledge can help give insight on personality, cognition, and behavior. Using the data collected from these tests, it can allow researchers and psychologists to better understand and treat those with personality disorders. One particular test is the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), whereby the “affect” refers to the experience of feeling or emotion. Affect is a key part of the
Instruments of this nature include semistructured interviews, observational coding systems, behavior checklists, or performance tests. The most common type of reliability is the internal consistency of an instrument, often indicated by coefficient alpha or Cronbach’s alpha. Internal consistency refers to the similarity or consistency of scores for the items or elements within an instrument. This is an alternative to creating alternate forms. In essence, the items within an instrument are split in half to
1. Explain in a short paragraph what you understand by the term “reliability”. (2) a. Reliability means that a rater or instrument is consistent and reliable in their measurements from trial to trial. When a measurement is reliable it can be reproduced over and over again and still consistently be free from error. However, it is impossible for a measurement to be completely free of error. Therefore, it is important that the measurement error is calculated. This is the difference between the observed
The fast development of the software industry has spurred rapid implementation of leading technologies in India, one of the fastest emerging economies in the world. The study of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) adoption in India is, therefore, is a relevant and important topic today. The main focus of this study is to estimate the future status of AMT adoption levels and investment in AMT in the short-run perspective after briefly presenting current AMT implementation levels for all 25 technologies
Social support is defined as the existence and availability of friends and other people, including family, on whom we can rely, in times of need or crisis to give us a positive self-image (Towey, 2013). In addition, social support is provided by those people who express care, value and love towards others. It plays a positive role in psychological adjustment and health and this can be observed in several settings. For example, in developing a strong, mutual tie amongst each other, soldiers ensure
Research findings are considered reliable if they are consistent over a period of time and they accurately represent the total population under evaluation or study (McMillan, 2016; Golafshani, 2013). Moreover, the findings of a research study are considered reliable if they can be reproduced using similar methodology. In this regard, replication and consistency are the two characteristics that determine the reliability of any given research tool or test. Validity establishes if the research study
satisfactory alpha level is 0.7. I am also not very confident in the INVR because the researchers cite another study that found that is has established validity and reliability, but it does not reveal at what level it is so it makes it harder to have confidence in them. I have confidence in the NKASRP as it has reliability of greater than 70, but the authors do not note what level of validity it is. The validity and reliability scores of the Nausea Management: Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Survey
times the test is repeated. In order to calculate the reliability for this study Split-half reliability, Cronbach’s alpha and Spearman Brown prophecy will be used. Cronbach’s alpha was first developed by Lee Cronbach in order to measure the internal consistency of a test or measurement. The internal consistency of a test is the degree of which all the test items measure the same concept. Alpha is measured from -1 to 1 with 1 being the optimal internal consistency (Tavakol & Dennick, 2011) but having
however validity is based on whether a psychological test is measuring what it’s intending to measure. Reliability and validity will be assessed on the measure used in this report, using Cronbach’s alpha. This removes items not measuring what the scale measures thus increasing the consistency of items. Cronbach’s alpha takes all the items into and considers various ways to split them to give an accurate value for the measure’s internal reliability (Howitt and Cramer, 2011). Reliability and validity are
specially designed bottles. The Hatchery destines each fetus for a particular caste in the World State. The five castes are Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon. Gamma, Delta, and Epsilon undergo the Bokanovsky Process which involves shocking an egg so that it divides to form up to ninety-six identical embryos, which then develop into ninety-six identical human beings. The Alpha and Beta embryos never undergo this dividing process, which can weaken the embryos. The Director explains that the Bokanovsky
profitable stocks amongst a myriad of potential alternatives is a daunting task to say the least. In order to narrow my choices from thousands to two, I examined several aspects of companies I was interested in. Among these were, company overview, alpha and beta ratings, price ratios, price charts, and company headlines. After evaluating this information, I chose Intuit INC (INTU) listed on the NASDAQ and Johnson and Johnson (JNJ) listed on the NYSE. Intuit, Inc. Intuit, Inc. is a provider of small
For my final MIRR, I decided to do the book Half Brother, by Kenneth Oppel. This book is from the perspective of a boy named Ben Tomlin. He’s just been dragged along to live in British Columbia because of some experiment his dad is taking place in, about teaching chimpanzees sign language. His family receives a new chimp named Zan to use for “Project Zan”, where they are to teach it sign language to see whether or not chimps can learn ASL (American sign language), as well as raising him as they would
Eugene August wrote how ‘Death of a Salesman’ is a profoundly male tragedy, one in which its protagonist is destroyed by a debilitating concept of masculinity . Willy Loman embodies deluded values, hopes and aspirations that originate from the American dream and infiltrates them into every aspect of his life. His highly inflated dreams of success and prosperity contrast with his emotional instability, which tragically lead to mortality and mutability. ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ on the other hand
structure often contains long stretched out chains of amino acids called strands that line up together to make sheets. These are called beta strands and the sheets are called beta-pleated sheets. A protein may contain either or both alpha helices and beta pleated sheets. Alpha helices and beta pleated sheets are joined by less clear structures often grouped together under the name of coil. Some small proteins may be made of coil. Shape is also important. Proteins are coiled and twisted, giving it a
(15,000,000° C; 27,000,000° F) and pressure (340 billion times Earth's air pressure at sea level) is so intense that nuclear reactions take place. This reaction causes four protons or hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to form one alpha particle or helium nucleus. The alpha particle is about .7 percent less massive than the four protons. The difference in mass is expelled as energy and is carried to the surface of the Sun, through a process known as convection, where it is released as light and heat
assessment. In developing the mental tests, the psychologists subscribed to the position that one could be quite intelligent, but illiterate or not proficient in the English language. Based on this reasoning, two major tests were developed, the Army Alpha for literate groups, and the Army Beta for illiterates, low literates or non-English speaking (Yerkes, 1921). Both tests were based on the theoretical position that intelligence was an inherited trait, and the assumption was made that native intelligence
Protein Synthesis Protein synthesis is one of the most fundamental biological processes. To start off, a protein is made in a ribosome. There are many cellular mechanisms involved with protein synthesis. Before the process of protein synthesis can be described, a person must know what proteins are made out of. There are four basic levels of protein organization. The first is primary structure, followed by secondary structure, then tertiary structure, and the last level is quaternary structure
process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. 3. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma radiation is produced when an unstable nucleus decays. Alpha particles are made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. This means that they have a charge of +2, and a mass of 4 Alpha particles are relatively slow and heavy. They have a low penetrating power - you can stop them with just a sheet of paper. Because they have a large charge, alpha particles ionise other atoms strongly. Beta particles have a charge