period, group, valence electrons... Chlorine is a diatomic molecule of Cl2. There are also 24 isotopes of chlorine, 2 of which are stable isotopes. Chlorine 35 and 37 are both stable isotopes of chlorine. The appearance of chlorine is a highly toxic green/yellow gas a room temperature with a pungent odour. This shows an electronic structure of 2,8,7. chlorine has 3 shells (period 3) and 7 valence electrons (group 7). Group 7 are known as halogens. Since chlorine has 7 outer electrons and is a non
Chlorine is a greenish yellow gas which combines directly with nearly all elements. Chlorine is a respiratory irritant. The gas irritates the mucous membranes and the liquid burns the skin. As little as 3.5 ppm can be detected as an odour, and 1000 ppm is likely to be fatal after a few deep breaths. It was used as a war gas in 1915. It is not found in a free state in nature, but is found commonly as NaCl (solid or seawater). Table: basic information about and classifications of chlorine. • Name:
On Thursday March 20, the processes class visited Glatfelter plant located in Chillicothe, Ohio. Glatfelter is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of specialty paper and engineering products. The company was started by Philip Glatfelter in 1864 and has expanded to annual revenue of 1.19 billion dollars. The company headquarters is located in York, Pennsylvania with papermaking plants and wood yard located throughout the United States. Glatfelter also has international operations in Germany,
Chlorine Chlorine is (at room temperature) a greenish-yellow gas that can be readily liquefied at 5170 Tarr or 6.8 atmospheres, at 20 C (68 F), and has a very disagreeable odor. It’s Element Symbol is Cl, atomic number is 17, and atomic mass is 35.453. Chlorine’s melting point is -101 C or 149.8 F. The boiling point is -34.05 C or -29.29 F, at one atmosphere pressure. Chlorine is a member of the halogen group. Chlorine was discovered by Swedish scientist Karl Wilhelm in 1784, but he first thought
Matter: History and Overview. ACS Symposium Series. 1996, 649, 1-9. (4) Richardson, S. Water Analysis: Emerging Containments and Current Issues. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 2831-2857. (5) Aoki, T., Munemori, M.. Continuous Flow of Free Chlorine in Water. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 1983, 55, 209-212
conduct and cheapest compare to other method. In municipal supply systems, chlorine is used basically in three forms which are chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite solution and solid calcium hypochlorite (Cheremisinoff, 1995). Chlorine is very effective for removing almost all microbial pathogens and is appropriate as both a primary and secondary disinfectant. Unfortunately, this method will produce water in which the chlorine can be smelt and tasted by users which most of them find it unpleasant. Binnie
made of chlorine fluorine and carbon only. CFC is in the group volatile organic compound. The CFC was first invented or made in 1928. The main purpose of CFC was to uses as refrigerants for refrigeration. Freon is the trade name of CFC .There are some main reasons behind the wide use of CFC. Non-toxic and flammability were the main reason. Around in 1960s the use of CFC increases among the developing nations. As the use of CFC increases it start to destroy the ozone layer. Fluorine and chlorine atom
Ethylene Dichloride (EDC). This process involves the reaction of EDC with chlorine, where its products undergo further distillation and purification to produce TCE and PCE fit for consumerism trade. The stoichiometry of the given process reaction indicates which is the greater desired product, i.e. either PCE or TCE. The reaction takes place at a temperature of 400 – 450 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. EDC and chlorine, in their vapour states, are fed into a chlorination reactor. This reactor
chloride is created when a sodium atom gives one of its electron to a chlorine atom, thus creating a sodium cation and a chlorine anion. Another compound formed with sodium is sodium bicarbonate, or NaHCO3. Which has a molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, a melting point of 122̊ F, and a boiling point of 1,564̊ F. Sodium bicarbonate is produced by the Solvay process; this process involves the reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in
Functional groups are atoms that control how the molecule will react with other molecues. Haloalkane functional groups consist of a carbon atom with four single bonds and one of the bonds in occupied by an element in the Halogen family; in this case chlorine. The structural formula is CH3Cl. This formula effects some of the physical properties which include the boiling point to be -22.22°C and the melting point to be -97.7°C. Other physical properties consist of a faint sweet smell, colorless gas, and
be used in the war called chlorine gas; many saw it as an inhumane and a wrong way to kill others, to Haber, it was a success in his creation and a win in the war. Soldiers described it to be a big cloud, covering 15 ft. tall and killing anything that got in its path; grasses turned to the color of metal, birds dropped from the sky, and with this chemical going into the trenches, French soldiers were basically drowning on land. Having Haber’s 1st successful use of chlorine gas he wanted to use the
Contents No Items Pages 1 Contents 1 2 Introduction 2 3 Toxicants formed during food processing 3~9 3.1 Acrylamide 3 3.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 4~5 3.3 Nitrosamine 5~6 3.4 Benzene 7 3.5 Chorinated compounds 8 3.6 Amino acid Pyrolysates 9 4 Conclusion 10 5 References 11 Introduction For most foods, the faster it spoils, the healthier it is. However, in the globalisation and rapid invention of technologies plus the shifting eating habit of mankind, we need our food to last for
crust and the fourth most common element in the Earth below iron, oxygen and silicon. It makes up 13% of the planet's mass and a large fraction of the planet's mantle. It is the third mostly found element dissolved in seawater, after sodium and chlorine.
this equation into word format: Sodium Hydrochloric Sodium Sulphur [IMAGE]Thiosulphate+ Acid Chloride+ Dioxide + Water + Sulphur The sodium thiosulphate consists of: two atoms of sodium, two atoms of sulphur and two atoms of oxygen. This combined with the hydrochloric acid creates a chemical reaction and the products are 2 molecules of sodium chloride, a molecule of sulphur dioxide, water and sulphur. Rate of reaction: The rate of reaction is the speed or velocity at which a chemical
The Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Reaction Planning AIM To look at the change in concentration on the rate of reaction BACKGROUND THEORY The rate of reaction tells us how quickly a chemical reaction happens. We can work it out after doing an experiment. We can measure how much reactant is used up in a certain time or how quickly products are formed. We then work out what 1/time taken is and that gives us the rate. The rate of the reaction can be affected by a number
The Effect of Acid on the Rate of Reaction with Magnesium Aim: To find out how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction with magnesium ribbon. Hypothesis: I think that the lower the concentration of Hydrochloric acid, the slower the rate of reaction with Magnesium ribbon. The reason why is because there are less particles in the same volume so less collisions are possible every second, therefore less effective collisions will occur. Preliminary work:
An Experiment to Find Out How Much Gas is Given Off When Hydrochloric Acid and Marble Chips React Aim === The aim of this experiment is to find out how much gas is given off by marble chips when they react with hydrochloric acid. This will tell me if the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the speed of reaction. Variables ========= I could change: the temperature, the percentage of hydrochloric acid, the number of marble chips, or the size of the marble chips.
Investigating the Effect of Concentration on the Rate of Diffusion Aim: To find out if concentration affects the rate of diffusion. Prediction: I predict that the higher the concentration of acid the faster the reaction will be. Hypothesis: Diffusion is the spreading out of a gas or liquid from an area of low concentration to another area where it has a lower concentration until the overall concentrations are balanced. The Hydrochloric acid (HCl) diffuses into the gelatine cube of which
Element: Chlorine General Information We researched the chemical element known as chlorine. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35.453. It has a valence number of 3. The element has 3 energy levels. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Chlorine is second in reactivity only to fluorine among the halogen elements. Chlorine is a nonmetal. It is estimated that 0.045% of the earth’s crust and 1.9% of sea water are chlorine. Chlorine combines
Investigating the Effect of Concentration of Dilute Hydrochloric Acid with Magnesium Metal Aim: To investigate the effect of concentration of dilute hydrochloric acid when it reacts with magnesium metal. Scientific Knowledge: Concentrated acid contains many acid particles. In order for a reaction to take place acid particles must collide with magnesium atoms breaking the chemical bonds, there must also be enough energy within the reaction for them to collide; otherwise they would simply