The periodic table tells you many things about an element. Essentially it is used as a section divider to elements, each put under a specific row and column to its properties. This includes its mass, number of protons, neutrons and electrons, period, group, valence electrons...
Chlorine is a diatomic molecule of Cl2. There are also 24 isotopes of chlorine, 2 of which are stable isotopes. Chlorine 35 and 37 are both stable isotopes of chlorine. The appearance of chlorine is a highly toxic green/yellow gas a room temperature with a pungent odour.
This shows an electronic structure of 2,8,7. chlorine has 3 shells (period 3) and 7 valence electrons (group 7). Group 7 are known as halogens. Since chlorine has 7 outer electrons and is a non metal, it can form ionic and single covalent bonds. Ionic bonds can be formed as the metal looses an electron and chlorine gains it completing its outer shell. Covalent bonds are formed by sharing the seventh electron, for example hydrogen plus chlorine equals hydrogen chloride or hydrochloric acid (aqueous). This is where the outer shell of both hydrogen and chlorine is completed by sharing one outer electron.
Chlorine symbolised as Cl, is found in group 7, period 3 on the periodic table. It is gas at room temperature with a melting point of-101.5 degrees Celsius and a boiling point of -34.04 degrees Celsius It has an atomic number of 17 and a relative mass of 35.5 depending on the isotope. It also has a density of 3.21 x 10-3g.cm-3 at 20oC. This information allows us to calculate the number of neutrons and electrons and therefore its electronic configuration:
Chlorine symbolised as Cl, is found in group 7, period 3 on the periodic table. It is gas at room temperature with a melting point o...
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...ittle. Therefore, titanium takes many processes and stages before it comes to pure titanium. This makes titanium very expensive and therefore limits its uses. Titanium oxide is also used as a pigment in making white paint. Another compound is titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) which is used to make smoke screens.
Titanium is used frequently in a lot of engineering and crafting industries. It is most commonly used in aerospace engineering when crafting planes and aircraft. The main uses of the metal is for frames and sometimes engines. The reason they are used for this is due to their light density, which is 60% the density of iron. It is also used as bone replacements like hips, due to their light weight and reliability in not corroding. Finally, due to the fact that titanium does not corrode easily it is also used in piping for nuclear, chemical and oil industries.
CL-, as the ions of H+ and OH- react to form H2O. These spectator ions
The % composition by mass of oxygen in Potassium Chlorate was found to be 43.4%.
Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride (LiH), lithium nitride (Li3N), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and lithium fluoride (LiF). Lithium is the thirty-third most abundant element and makes up a very small portion of the Earth’s crust. However, due to its high reactivity, it does not naturally occur in its pure form.
The purpose of this lab was to understand the relationship between emission spectra and atomic structure using small samples of 7 chloride salts of different metals. Emission spectra(or line spectra) is a collection of wavelengths representing different energies. Electrons in an atom occupy different energy levels and are in the ground state when they are at a low energy level. When they start to enter a higher energy level after gaining energy, they start to enter their excited state. Once in their excited state, they proceed to go back to their respective energy level by emitting light in the form of a
The chlorine acts as an electron withdrawing substituent. This would stabilize the partial negative on the α carbon in transition state
Zinc oxide, a white, powdery covering that forms when zinc is exposed to oxygen, is used in a wide variety of products, from cosmetics and soaps to rubbers and plastics. Zinc oxide is also extracted from some compounds and heated in order to revert it back into pure zinc (Davis, 2016). Zinc phosphate is another compound, often used in paints as a pigment. However, it’s use in the paint also creates protection for metals against rust (Danker, 2016). Zinc chloride, when mixed with water, can also help to protect wood from decay and insects (Davis, 2016). Brass, a mixture of zinc and copper, is also used very frequently in modern projects. Brass is made by melting copper in a furnace and adding solid chunks of zinc, which rapidly melts into the copper. A layer of charcoal is often placed over the mixture to reduce the loss of zinc through vaporization. Brass’s uses range from hardware and electrical fixtures to musical instruments and jewelry. It’s first extensive use, however, was by Romans almost two-thousand years ago, who used brass for ornaments, coins, and kettles (Melford,
A wide variety of coating alloys and wrought alloys can be prepared that give the metal greater strength, castability, or resistance to corrosion or high temperatures. Some new alloys can be used as armor plate for tanks, personnel carriers, and other military vehicles.
The Periodic Table is based around the Atomic Theory. Firstly people believed that everything was made up the four elements Earth, Fire, Wind, and Water. This theory evolved into everything being made up of atoms. Breakthroughs throughout history such as the discoveries of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons have pushed this theory forward to where it is today.
...mpositional control needed and also the reactivity of the titanium. Fatigue failure has been known to occur with nitinol because of the extreme amounts of fatigue strain that it is necessarily exposed to. This is because it is still not completely defined how durable nitinol is, so it cannot be known what to use it for as it is the best of all metals known in this case. So it is used for the highest demanding applications but in some cases it can’t handle the pressure sustained. Another use for nitinol is a temperature control system, which would work by changing shape can activate a variable resistor or switch which would control the temperature, this is a situation where it is very significant for nitinol to be a smart material otherwise this system would simply just not work. There are many others but they are not really relevant to the engineering industry.
The Periodic Table of Elements is commonly used today when studying elements. This table’s history begins in ancient times when Greek scientists first started discovering different elements. Over the years, many different forms of the periodic table have been made which set the basis for the modern table we use today. This table includes over 100 elements and are arranged by groups and periods. Groups being vertical columns and periods being horizontal columns. With all of the research conducted over the years and the organization of this table, it is easy to use when needed.
Aoki, T., Munemori, M.. Continuous Flow of Free Chlorine in Water. Journal of Analytical Chemistry. 1983, 55, 209-212
Silver is used by the electrical industry for wires and other items today. Silver is used a lot in these industries because it conducts electricity better than any other metal. Silver is also surprisingly used in medicine today. Doctors use plates, wires, and drainage tubes made of silver. Doctors use silver equipment because silver helps kill bacteria (Helper, 2016).
However, most metals in their natural states are less than the desired choice for the jobs they are required to do. For example, iron, although it is an incredibly strong metal in its natural form, it is delicate and rusts quite quickly in damp air. So to enhance the properties of the metal they are combined with other substances to create an alloy, which are often used instead of pure metals to generate a more durable product.