Sodium was first discovered and isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807. Sodium is located in column 1 of the periodic table where all other alkali earth metals, which all of them have only 1 electron which it would happily give to another element that wants it so that it could be “happy” this then creates a positively charge atom also known as a cation. You could also find sodium by knowing its electron configuration which is [Ne] 3s1. Sodium physical properties are that it is silver in color and is a soft metal, so soft that in its pure form it could be cut with a knife. Sodium is a solid at room temperature, but it reaches its boiling point at around 208̊ Fahrenheit. To get sodium to boil you would have to get it to a temperature of around …show more content…
Another version of sodium that is often seen is Na1+ this is a different form of sodium and it is because of isotopes. Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but they have different number of neutrons. Basically isotopes are different forms of a single element and sodium has one natural occurring isotope. This isotope contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons in its nucleus. There are many different compounds that involve sodium that are consider useful, and this paper will cover some of the most useful and common compounds. The most familiar one is sodium chloride, which chemical formula is NaCl. Sodium chloride has a molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, a melting point of 1,474̊ F, and a boiling point of 2,575̊ F. Sodium chloride is created when a sodium atom gives one of its electron to a chlorine atom, thus creating a sodium cation and a chlorine anion.
Another compound formed with sodium is sodium bicarbonate, or NaHCO3. Which has a molar mass of 58.44 g/mol, a melting point of 122̊ F, and a boiling point of 1,564̊ F. Sodium bicarbonate is produced by the Solvay process; this process involves the reaction of sodium chloride, ammonia, and carbon dioxide in
…show more content…
The biggest difference from all the previous compounds is that sodium hydroxide is highly corrosive, this is the reason it was given the name caustic soda. This compound is soluble in water, ethanol, and methanol. Sodium hydroxide is made by using the chloralkali process which is an industrial process. Sodium Chloride is then electrolyzed and sodium hydroxide is made in the cathode. A cathode is a type electrode where electrons move. Water is then condensed hydrogen gas and hydroxide ion. The hydrogen is then taken out of the equation so that the hydroxide bonds with the sodium.
Sodium carbonate also known as washing soda is a white solid and has the chemical formula of Na2CO3. The molar mass of sodium carbonate is 105.9888 g/mol. Sodium carbonate is formed naturally; when sodium is released from igneous rocks and when it is carried away by the rivers it comes in contact with carbon dioxide it will participate out as sodium carbonate. Just to get sodium carbonate to its boiling point is impressive you have to it to a temperature 1,554̊ F and its melting point is 2,912̊
The purpose for this lab was to use aluminum from a soda can to form a chemical compound known as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate. In the lab aluminum waste were dissolved in KOH or potassium sulfide to form a complex alum. The solution was then filtered through gravity filtration to remove any solid material. 25 mLs of sulfuric acid was then added while gently boiling the solution resulting in crystals forming after cooling in an ice bath. The product was then collected and filter through vacuum filtration. Lastly, crystals were collected and weighed on a scale.
The purpose of the Unknown White Compound Lab was to identify the unknown compound by performing several experiments. Conducting a solubility test, flame test, pH paper test, ion test, pH probe test, conductivity probe test, and synthesizing the compound will accurately identified the unknown compound. In order to narrow down the possible compounds, the solubility test was used to determine that the compound was soluble in water. Next, the flame test was used to compare the unknown compound to other known compounds such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and calcium carbonate. The flame test concluded that the cation in the unknown compound was potassium. Following, pH paper was used to determine the compound to be neutral and slightly
During our investigation we first decided how much sodium bicarbonate we would be using. We decided on 11 grams which was about half of the crucible. We then used the bunsen burner to heat up the sodium bicarbonate. We heated the sodium bicarbonate expecting there to would be a chemical reaction and the atoms would be rearranged during thermal decomposition. We heated the sodium
This paper describes the methods used in the identification, investigation of properties, and synthesis of an unknown compound. The compound was identified as calcium nitrate by a variety of tests. When the compound was received, it was already known to be one of twelve possible ionic compounds. The flame test identified the presence of the calcium anion in the compound. The compound tested positive for the nitrate cation using the iron sulfate test. At this point it was hypothesized that the compound was calcium nitrate. Reactivity tests and quantitative analysis comparing the unknown compound with calcium nitrate supported this hypothesis. Synthesis reactions were then carried out and analyzed.
By comparing the texture of each, we can immediately eliminated baking powder, chemically known as NaHCO3, because it had a finer texture and lacked the crystalline structure evident in Figure 2B. The remaining suspects would then be table salt or NaCl in Figure 2D or Epsom salt in Figure 2E. In continuing to compare crystal structures, table salt had a blocky, cubic crystal structure; whereas Epsom salt contained more irregularly shaped particles, most of which appeared to be pentagons. Figure 2B showed that the crystal structure of the salt was in no way cubic or regularly-shaped, eliminating it from the list of possible constituents. That would leave behind Epsom salt as the identity of the salt from
The researcher conducting this experiment is trying to find out which salt- Epsom, table salt, and sea salt- will increase the boiling point of water the most. Sodium chloride is believed to increase the boiling point of water because when salt is suspended into the water, the sodium and chlorine ions leave the “salt crystals” and mix with the water molecules. (“Why does salt… raise boiling point of water?”, 2009).
Lithium (Li), the third element on the periodic table, has a soft texture and a silver-white color. This element has an atomic number of three, and is located on the periodic table in the second period of the first group. In addition to being the first alkali metal on the periodic table, lithium is also the lightest metal; its weight is about 6.941 atomic mass units (AMU). Because it is a metal, lithium is mainly used in ionic bonds. Its common compounds include lithium hydride (LiH), lithium nitride (Li3N), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), and lithium fluoride (LiF). Lithium is the thirty-third most abundant element and makes up a very small portion of the Earth’s crust. However, due to its high reactivity, it does not naturally occur in its pure form.
Solid A was identified to be sodium chloride, solid B was identified to be sucrose, and Solid C was identified to be corn starch. Within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there are results that distinguishes itself from the other 4 experimental results within each test. Such as: the high conductivity and high melting point of sodium chloride, and the iodine reaction of corn starch. Solid A is an ionic compound due to its high melting point and high electrical conductivity (7), within the Information Chart – Mystery White Solid Lab there is only one ionic compound which is sodium chloride, with the test results of Solid A, it can be concluded that is a sodium chloride. Solid B was identified as sucrose due to its low electrical
Potassium is an element on the periodic table that is symbolized by the letter K. The atomic number of this element is 19. At room temperature this element is a solid. Potassium can be found in two forms: either pure or compounds. Pure potassium is described as a soft silvery-white alkali metal that oxidizes rapidly in air and is very reactive in water However, Potassium forms many compounds such as Potassium chloride, which is the most common potassium compound (Gagnon, 1). This form of Potassium is especially used in fertilizers as a salt substitute. Another potassium compound is Potassium hydroxide, which is used to make soap, detergents and drain cleaners. Potassium carbonate is used to make some types of glass and soaps. This is also obtained as a byproduct of ammonia. Lastly, Potassium superoxide can create oxygen from water vapor and carbon dioxide. An example of this reaction is “2KO2 + H2O + 2CO2 => 2KHCO3 + O2” (Gagnon, 1). Gagnon also says, “it is used in respiratory equipment and is produced by burning potassium metal in dry air. Potassium nitrate (KNO3), also known as saltpeter or nitre, is used in fertilizers, match heads and pyrotechnics” (Gagnon, 1). Sir Humphrey Davy discovered this element in England in 1807 (Helmenstine, 1). Steve Gagnon, maintainer of the Jefferson Lab website page says, “Sir Humphry Davy first isolated metallic potassium in 1807 through the electrolysis of molten caustic potash (KOH)” (Gagnon, 1). Gagnon also writes, “a few months after discovering potassium, Davy used the same method to isolate sodium. Potassium can be obtained from the minerals sylvite (KCl), carnallite (KCl·MgCl2·6H2O), langbeinite (K2Mg2(SO4)3) and polyhalite (K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4·2H2O). These minerals are often found in ancient...
It is made mostly of copper carbonate. It can be crushed into a green powder. If this powder is heated it changes colour. A new substance has been made. The new substance is a black powder.
Identifying Five Unknown Chemicals I was given 5 unknown samples, which are sodium chloride, sodium thiosulfate, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate and these samples are all white and solid. However, I don’t know which substance is which sample and I was only given some information about the physical and chemical properties of these substances. In order to identify the 5 unknown samples, knowing which sample is which substance, I have to carry out this experiment, finding out the chemical and physical properties of these samples. How can we identify five unknown chemical samples that seem to look the same?
We don’t just use crystals on an everyday basis for entertainment, we can also consume them! Table salt (NaCL) is a crystalline compound as well as sucrose (table sugar), and even chewing gum! Crystals can even help maintain good hygiene. Crystals can be found in toothpaste! Crystals play a very important role in our life. They have helped our society evolve scientifically into what it is today.
Caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) can be used instead of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide)but is more expensive. The base used to come from wood ash containing potassium carbonate which formed potash as this was not plentiful it made soap a luxury. The cheapest source of the ester is animal and vegetable fats and oils.
The labels have fallen off of two bottles thought to contain solid sodium chloride or solid sodium carbonate. Describe a simple experiment which would allow you to determine which bottle contains which solid.