cytoxic activity against A594 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cells with IC50 values of 5.23 and 1.88 µg/mL, respectively.1 Salvileucalin B is a unique member of the clerodane family because it contains an attractive carbon framework. The structure of this molecule is shown in Figure 2 below: Figure 1: Salvia Leucantha Figure 2: Salvileucalin B The challenging synthetic feature of Salvileucalin B is that is possesses a stable
Carbon Compounds 23.1 What is carbon Compounds? carbon compounds are far more numerous and varied than compounds formed from other elements there are millions of different carbon compounds most are combinations with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, and the hologens some general and physical properties of carbon atoms are : non electrolytes, or very weak electrolytes low melting points compounds made solely from carbon and hydrogen are generally non-polar
Eighteen percent of our body weight is made up of carbon. Carbon atoms make up important molecules in our bodies such as proteins, DNA, RNA, sugars, and fats. These molecules are called macromolecules. Carbon bonding to itself results in a wide variety of organic compounds, which means that organic compounds are carbon-based carbons. Most matter in living organisms that is not water is made of organic compounds. Nearly everything that is touched is organic. Four main classes of organic compounds
may ask? Well organic compounds are compounds that always contain carbon, or any compound that contains a carbon atom. But some describe organic compounds as any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. But there are a few exceptions to this organic rule, which are carbon monoxide, carbonates, carbon dioxide, cyanides, cyanates, carbides, and thyocyanates, which are
Inorganic: Through investigating the various properties of Cement/Concrete/Mortar, Glass, and Ceramics/Porcelain I have come to understand the chemical composition, type of bond, structure, and the daily use of each of the substances. Cement is composed of calcium which usually is acquired from limestone and silicon which is usually from sand, shale or clay (aluminosilicates). The structure of cement is in between the two extremes of an ionic and a covalent model. It is between an ionic oxide lattice
Compounds are materials made from two or more than two elements through a chemical bond. In each compound elements are arranged in a definite shape hence changing their properties from the element. Every compound possesses its own different properties such as weight, melting point, freezing point etc. Types of Compounds: There are two types of important compounds. 1) Ionic Compound: These are the compounds that possess an electric charge in them and are
performed to create a carbon-carbon bond, between a bromide and carbon dioxide. The product was then protonated to form a carboxylic acid, which was identified by obtaining its melting point, and by performing a titration with NaOH to obtain its molecular weight. In organometallic chemistry, carbon is bound to a metal. Usually, carbons are bound to elements that are more electronegative than carbon, and have a partial positive charge, making them electrophilic. When a carbon is bound to a metal,
Hydrocarbon Introduction : This practical is to distinguishing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using bromine test. Saturated Hydrocarbons are compounds which are linked together by single bonds. In contradictory, unsaturated hydrocarbons are compounds that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond in the molecule. https://revisionscience.com/sites/revisionworld.com/files/imce/hydrocarbons.jpg Hypothesis : Unsaturated hydrocarbon will decolourise brown bromine water without the presence
composed as shown in figure 1, with 6 carbon atoms joined in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to a solitary corresponding carbon atom. The ring is in a hexagonal shape. Each carbon atom in the hexagonal ring has four electrons to share. This causes each carbon atom to 4 bonds. One of these bonds goes to the hydrogen atom and one each to the two closest atoms of carbon. This leaves one free bond, which is used to form a double bond with one of the carbons atoms nearest neighbour. This is why Benzene
Thermal Decomposition INVESTIGATION [IMAGE] ------- Written By Tauqir Sharif ------------------------ Research: When a metal is thermally decomposed the bond between the metal and its carbonate (carbon and oxygen) is removed and the carbonate is released as carbon dioxide. Metal Carbonate = Metal Oxide + Carbon Dioxide Malachite is an ore of copper. It is made mostly of copper carbonate. It can be crushed into a green powder. If this powder is heated it changes colour. A
048 mol theoretical alkene yield = 0.41(100%) = 41% yield 4. The 1-methylcyclohexene product is the major product because of its increased stability due to hyperconjugation along the pi bond. The alkene of this product is trisubstituted on the pi bond which is more stable than the bisubstitution on the pi bond of 1-methylcyclohexene which is the minor product. 5. The likely products of that reaction would be 2-methylcyclohexene, 3-methylcyclohexene and 4-methylcyclohexene. The major product would
camphora and the name for the chemically processed camphor is Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one. In the chemical structure, the central atom is carbon and the various electronic geometries are trigonal planar and tetrahedral. Camphor’s chemical formula is C10H16O and contains 28 sigma bonds, and one pi bond, and all of these bonds are covalent due to carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen all being non-metals. Camphor is a stable chemical that
covalently bonded to a carbon atom which is bonded to one other carbon, to two other carbons in secondary and three others in tertiary. Apparatus for a reflux Increasing the size of the halogen atom in the halogenoalkane decreases the bond strength, increasing the reactivity of the molecule, as the bond is easier to break. BOND BOND ENTHALPY (kJ mol-1) carbon-fluorine 467 carbon-chlorine 340 carbon-bromine 280 carbon-iodine
that contain carbon-metal bonds. Metals found in these compounds are typically lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), or other transition metals. Organometallic compounds are also known as Grignard reagents (1). General mechanism of organometallic compounds: R^1 CH_2-M + X-CH_2 R^2 → R^1 CH_2-CH_2 R^2 + MX Grignard reagents are among the most important in organic chemistry. The polarization of the bond between the carbon atom and the metal makes the carbon atom a Lewis
similar numbers of carbon atoms. (Ke C 10,11) Refineries often use cracking to produce chemicals from oil which can be useful precursors. Explain why we have to “Crack” long-chain hydrocarbons instead of using the products of fractional distillation directly when we manufacture plastics By cracking it will let us turn long chain molecules into shorter and more usable ones. It always makes short-chain composites, for example ethene and propene which have a double bond between carbon atoms. The double
Force” theory to be with flaws. Other famous experiments proved the vitalism theory was wrong. In 1845 Kolbe synthesized acetic acid, the chief component in vinegar, in a flow of reactions starting with Carbon, the experiment is demonstrated better defined since acetic acid (C6H4O2) is a carbon-carbon bond. The theory of vitalism, like many other scientific theories, disappeared slowly under the weight of accumulated evidence rather than as a consequence of any one brilliant and enlightening experiment
Diamond is completely made of Carbon atoms crystallized in a cubic arrangement Structure DIAMOND Carbon sp3 bonding. Carbon atoms forming tetrahedral bonds with four nearest neighbors. Crystals with a cubic structure Each carbon atom in a diamond is covalently bonded to four other carbons in a tetrahedron. These tetrahedrons together form a 3-dimensional network of six-membered carbon rings (similar to cyclohexane), in the chair conformation, allowing for zero bond angle strain. Diamond strength
fatty acids contain double bond. These are as follows. 1. Monounsaturated fatty acids: Oleic series (one double bond) 2. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic series (two double bonds), linolenic series (three double bonds), Fatty acids with four double bonds (arachidonic acid). The carbon atoms in fatty acids are numbered from the carboxyl carbon (carbon no. 1). The carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl carbon (that is carbon no. 2, 3 & 4) are known as α, β and gamma carbon respectively and the terminal
made up of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Lipids can exist as fats, oils and waxes. Fat and oils are similar in structure as they are triglycerides, however, they physically differ at room temperature fats are solid and oils liquid. Their differences in property are what help contribute to its significance in life. A triglyceride consists of fatty acid chains which are attached to a glycerol molecule; fatty acids are chains of carbon atoms, the first carbon atom is attached to an
Discussion: E-stilbene is a molecule molecule consisting of carbon-carbon double bond with a phenyl functional group attached to each carbon on opposite sides of the double bond. Thus, since this molecule is an alkene, the electrophilic addition of bromine causes the bromine to break and add to the carbon carbon double bond. This mechanism essentially can be considered to have two routes, but three different products. One route will use from a three membered ring (cyclic) with a bromine cation