Unsaturated fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids contain double bond. These are as follows.
1. Monounsaturated fatty acids: Oleic series (one double bond)
2. Polyunsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic series (two double bonds), linolenic series (three double bonds), Fatty acids with four double bonds (arachidonic acid). The carbon atoms in fatty acids are numbered from the carboxyl carbon (carbon no. 1). The carbon atom adjacent to the carboxyl carbon (that is carbon no. 2, 3 & 4) are known as α, β and gamma carbon respectively and the terminal methyl carbon is known as omega. Short chain fatty acids are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of less than six carbons. Medium chain fatty acids are fatty acids with aliphatic tails of 6 to 12 carbons. These can
…show more content…
Essential fatty acids Fatty acids such as linoleic acid, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid are known as essential fatty acid because they cannot be synthesized in the body so must be supplied in the food. Human being lacks the ability to introduce double bonds in fatty acids beyond carbons 9 & 10. About 20 different fatty acids are synthesized from the two essential fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Omega three fatty acid is synthesized from linolenic acid and omega six fatty acid is synthesized from linolic acid. The diet containing balance of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids helps in stimulating skin and hair growth, good bone health, regulation of metabolism and in the maintenance of reproductive system. Mediterranean diet is considered to have balance between omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. It contains whole grains, fresh fruits, vegetable, fish, olive oil, garlic etc. People following mediterranean diet are less likely to develop heart disease. Omega 3 fatty acid helps to reduce inflammation and some omega 6 fatty acids promote
head group is attached to one of the glycerol hydroxyls with addition to the two hydrocarbon fatty
In order to determine which fish oil supplement is best for us, we must first have a greater understanding of how each constituent is molecularly structured and how it is readably absorbed into the body. Triglycerides by definition are the main constituents of animal fats and vegetable oil. TG is a chemical compound that is formed from three fatty acids and one molecule of glycerol, as seen in Figure 1: The Molecular Structure of a Triglyceride.
14. Erucic acid is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid. Like oleic acid, it suppresses the creation of VLCFSAs, but is much more
Some of the dietary data from the parts of the Mediterranean has given many different nutritionists and scientists the best possible data about what foods people should be eating and what foods they should try to avoid in general. The healthfulness of this particular eating pattern isn’t just something new like some of the newer diet fads that are around. In fact, this particular method is proven by more than 50 years of research as well as hundreds of years of civilization research focusing in on medical documents. The basics of the Mediterranean Diet plan include the following rules and regulations on your
Macromolecules are large molecules formed by polymerization of smaller molecules. The four classes of macromolecules are Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid. Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen and, and Oxygen, the simplest form of carbohydrates are monosaccharide or simple sugar (Hames and Hopper, 2011). A monosaccharide consists of an aldehyde or ketone group with hydroxyl group added to some carbon atoms, for example glucose and fructose. Monosaccharide join together to form polysaccharides in different ways. Disaccharides are the simplest polysaccharides, formed by the glycosidic linkage of two monosaccharide. Longer chains of polysaccharides are known as oligosaccharides. Secondly, Lipids constitute a range of molecules such as waxes, fat, sterols, some insoluble vitamins, and so on. They are mainly involved in storage of energy. Fatty acids form part of lipids; they are hydrophobic chains with a terminal carboxylic acid group (Hames and Hooper, 2011). Glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are other categories of lipids. They function on biological memb...
iii. Solid Fats: considered to have little to no nutritional value, it is apart of empty
More and more research studies are finding that getting enough Omega-3 fatty acids is critical to our health in many ways. Omega-3 fats are essential for the survival of the human body, but our bodies can't manufacture them on their own, so we need to get them from the foods we eat. Good dietary sources of Omega-3 fatty acids are fish and seafood, like salmon, tuna, sardines, halibut, herring, algae and krill, plus some plants and nut oils such as flaxseeds and flaxseed oil, canola oil, soybeans and soybean oil, pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil, purslane, perilla seed oil, and walnuts and walnut oil.
review a brief history of Olestra. Olestra is not a new fat substitute by any means;
The Mediterranean diet emphasizes vegetables, fruits, legumes, and grains. It also contains small amounts of chicken and fish. Most fat comes from unsaturated olive oil and nuts. There are few sweet and meat. In combination with moderate exercise and no smoking, the Mediterranean Diet offers a scientifically researched, balanced, and health-promoting lifestyle choice.
The omega-3 fatty acids, popularly referred to as fish oil, are considered unsaturated fats. Science differentiates between unsaturated and saturated fats quite clearly. One fact that separates the two is the temperature at which melting occurs. Saturated fats melt at a higher temperature than unsaturated fats. The science behind fatty acids is rather complex; carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon chains are the building blocks of saturated and unsaturated fats. This is important to the human body for many reasons; one reason being unsaturated fats do not cause plaque build-up in arteries like saturated fats due to their molecular structure in the human blood stream.
The Mediterranean Diet is rich in vegetables, fruit, legumes such as peas and beans and also rich in grains. It also contains moderate amounts of chicken and fish. There is little red meat. Most fat is unsaturated and comes from olive oil and nuts. Since a diet is what you eat and what you drink having a small amount of red wine has been shown to increase the health benefits. In combination with moderate exercise and not smoking, the Mediterranean Diet offers a scientifically researched, balanced, and health-promoting lifestyle choice. (HealthFitnessRevolution, 2013)
Saturated fats come from animal sources like steak, hamburger and pork. Unsaturated fats are derived from plants. There are also trans fats that are considered poison for the body. They raise the bad cholesterol in your body, and should never be included in a healthy diet. There are also fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 that are good for a healthy body.
Many people tend to think fats are bad for us, but essential fats are required for our survival. Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are fatty acids that humans, and other animals, must ingest because the body requires them for good health, but can not synthesize them. The two main types of essential acids are omega 3 and omega 6. Omega 3 helps our organs function properly and also helps with cell activity such as carrying oxygen and red blood cell activity. A lack of omega 3 can lead to blood clots, memory problems, vision problems, irregular heartbeat, and issues with the function of the immune system. Foods that contain omega 3 include flaxseed oil, walnuts, sesame seeds, spinach, salmon, and tuna. Omega 6 helps the body clear skin diseases, fight cancer, and treat arthritis. Most people actually get enough omega 6 in their diet, but they ruin it by eating food high in sugar and trans fat. Those factors lower omega 6 in the body and can cause harm. Omega 6 can be found in flaxseed oil, pistachios, chicken, and olive
Lipids are enormously diverse group of compounds consisting of fats, phospholipids, sphingomyelins, waxes, and sterols. Fats are the fatty acid esters of glycerol and they function mainly as energy storehouses of animals. Fats are used for long-term energy supplies during periods of extensive exercise or during periods of insufficient food and energy intake. Fish have the unique ability of metabolizing fat soluble compounds thus, can exist for long periods of time under conditions of food deficiency. An example is the many weeks of migration by salmon in their return upstream to spawn; stored lipid deposits are burned for fuel to enable body processes to continue during the vigorous journey. Sphingomyelins are present in brain and nerve tissue compounds. Fatty acids can exist either as straight chain or branch chain components. Many of the fish fats contain numerous unsaturated double bonds in the fatty acid structures. Lipid concentrations in different organs can contrast leading to differences in residue distribution such as in filet and liver (Caballero, 2005). For instance, Wu et al. (2001) reported that PCDD/Fs accumulate mainly in liver and that muscle concentrations correlate with liver concentrations. Differences in muscle lipid concentrations between fish species declined when concentrations were regulated to lipid content. Some studies describe the residue distribution
Maintaining a well-balanced diet is essential to living a longer life. This means consuming the right daily portions of the six main food groups: 6-11 servings of grains (bread, cereal, rice, pasta, etc.), 3-5 servings of vegetables, 2-4 servings of fruits, 2-3 servings of meat, poultry, fish, beans, eggs, or nuts, 2-3 servings of milk, cheese, or yogurt, and the occasional use of fats, oils, and sweets. Eating fish is highly advantageous to your health, especially salmon. Having salmon two to three times a week can decrease your chances of getting coronary heart disease by up to 30 percent. It also helps reduce your risk of Alzheimer?s, diabetes, asthma, and other factors. Eating plenty of fruits and vegetables will help you stock up on antioxidants, which slow the process of aging. Garlic is another helpful food because it strengthens your immune system and prevents you from getting sick. But don?t eat too much garlic, or you?ll be keeping more than just a cold away! You should also eat a piece of dar...