To Distinguish between Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Introduction : This practical is to distinguishing saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using bromine test. Saturated Hydrocarbons are compounds which are linked together by single bonds. In contradictory, unsaturated hydrocarbons are compounds that have at least one carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond in the molecule. https://revisionscience.com/sites/revisionworld.com/files/imce/hydrocarbons.jpg
Hypothesis : Unsaturated hydrocarbon will decolourise brown bromine water without the presence of sunlight while saturated hydrocarbon will decolourise brown bromine water with the aid of sunlight.
Variables :
• Constant variables : Volume of bromine water
• Manipulated variables : Types of alkanes and alkenes
•
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The leftovers are placed in a waste bottle provided and disposed off correctly. Naked flames should be nowhere near the flammable carbon compounds. All bottles should be closed after used.
Method : 1) A small amount (about one cm height) of the hydrocarbon is placed in a test tube. 2) A several drops of bromine water was added from a dropper bottle to the test tube and the test tube was shaken well. 3) The observation was recorded. 4) The above procedures were repeated using all the other hydrocarbons provided and the observations were recorded in a table. 5) The leftover liquids were placed in the waste bottle provided when the experiment was finished. The working area was also kept clean from
5. Two or more samples may be applied to each plate if they are kept
hydrocarbons that forms during the extraction of natural gas and is used as a thinning
5. A second test tube was then filled with water and placed in a test
We used the pipette filler and filled the glucose rinsed pipette to add 10ml of 10% of glucose in test tube 0.
* It was almost impossible to tell when the Alka-Seltzer tablet had dissolved, each time the experiment was done. This was a huge problem for the experiment as this could have totally caused problems to the experiment. A special type of detector apparatus, which bleeped when the correct amount of Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolved, could improve this, each time the experiment was done.
3.) Divide your 30g of white substance into the 4 test tubes evenly. You should put 7.5g into each test tube along with the water.
The procedure of the lab on day one was to get a ring stand and clamp, then put the substance in the test tube. Then put the test tube in the clamp and then get a Bunsen burner. After that put the Bunsen burner underneath the test tube to heat it. The procedure of the lab for day two was almost exactly the same, except the substances that were used were different. The
For the first biuret test, approximately 10 drops of water were added to the test tube. After the water was inside of the test tube, 10 drops of 5M NaOH and 5 drops of the Biuret reagent solution was added. The test tube was then gently rolled by a member of the group to mix the solution and everyone recorded the color of the solution. The same procedure was followed to test for starch, protein, sugar, lipid, and the unknown, but instead of the initial 10 drops of water, a sample of the variable being tested was placed in the test tube.
As the laboratory generates waste, it is accumulated following the procedures list in this document.
List of the tests to be conducted, material to be tested, the location of sampling, the organization’s name that will perform the test, and the frequency of testing.
Fill another test tube with 200 mL of plain water and label it Negative Control.
2. In the large beaker, put water and boil it completely. After that, remove the beaker from heat. 3. Sample tubes (A-D) should be labeled and capped tightly.
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
There are four different types of hydrocarbons each having a different homologous series (formula for carbon chain). These being an alkane (formula = CnH2n+2), alkene (formula = CnH2n), alkyne (formula = CnH2n-2), and an alkanol which has the same formulae as an alkane only that is has a hydroxide molecule which replaces one of the hydrogen atoms (refer to figure 3 and
tube. Add 6 mL of 0.1M HCl to the first test tube, then 0.1M KMnO4 and