Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Cement type and its advantages and disadvantages pdf
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Cement type and its advantages and disadvantages pdf
Inorganic:
Through investigating the various properties of Cement/Concrete/Mortar, Glass, and Ceramics/Porcelain I have come to understand the chemical composition, type of bond, structure, and the daily use of each of the substances. Cement is composed of calcium which usually is acquired from limestone and silicon which is usually from sand, shale or clay (aluminosilicates). The structure of cement is in between the two extremes of an ionic and a covalent model. It is between an ionic oxide lattice and a tetrahedral covalent network. Cement when wet or when dry has both cohesive and adhesive properties. Concrete is created through the mixture of cement (filler), fine and coarse aggregate (binder), and water. With the characteristics of these materials, concrete’s type of bond attributes to its high thermal insulation properties and the strength of the material itself. Concrete is used for building materials and due to its thermal insulation properties as insulators. Mortar is a mixture of cementitious materials, water, and aggregate. For commercial use in buildings and constructions, it is useful by having water retentivity and its strength after stiffening and hardening. In addition, the content in the mortar of cement as well as air content affects the strength of the tensile bond between the mortar and the masonry. Due to the materials that compose mortar, it developed a chemical structure that is similar to its components. Also, in daily use, mortar is used for construction for buildings to attach segments together.
To further investigate the properties of inorganic materials, I will continue with the properties of glass. Glass is composed of formers (usually silica SiO2 ), fluxes (frequently as a carbonate substa...
... middle of paper ...
...s in these structures are covalently bonded. Many types of fullerenes are arranged in large groups (many dozens of carbon atoms). Types of fullerenes discovered include C60 and C70. They can be used in products such as carbon nanotubes which in turn are used for electronic wires, science materials, and computer memory.
Through researching both organic and inorganic materials, I have come to understand that there are many properties and structures ranging from shape to uses in commercial products. The advancement of science as well as technology is an underlying theme of this report which points to the development of future innovations. These innovations have at times been discovered accidently but the further movement of studies is a testament to the human desire for discovery. Further studies will exhibit more data and discoveries that will improve the world.
Quartz (SiO2) is the second most abundant mineral on Earth and is of significant uses in both material and Earth sciences. Quartz crystals exist in polymorphs, which mean that the crystal structure of quartz will change depending on the temperature and pressure of the environment that the crystal is in. The crystal will be in its alpha-crystal form when the surrounding temperature and pressure is low. However, when exposed to intense temperature and pressure, it will convert to its beta-crystal form. This paper aims to look at the transition phase of the two different crystal structures using FePO4, a homeotype of quartz. Both quartz and FePO4
To understand the state of glass we must first have an understanding of the different states of matter. All matter is composed into states, and may move through these four existing states. The solid state is where the atoms of a substance are closely pact together with the only movement being the vibration of the atoms. The liquid state is where atoms are placed together in no order with a definite volume, but may move past each other giving it no definite shape. According to Science Magazine’s article in 1926 , glass exhibits traits from both of these states. It is similar to a liquid in that its atoms are randomly arranged, yet it has the fixed rigid bonding of a solid as well as the same high heat capacity(Science). This article in Science Magazine is a bit dated though and science changes drastically through years, especial...
William D. McCallister, David G. Rethwisch. Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction. John Wiley and Sons, Co., 2009.
Callister, Jr., William D. (2000). Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction (5th ed.). John Wiley and Sons.
There are numerous factors that determine the durability of a concrete. However, the main factor is the time needed to keep the concrete in a saturation state. Moreover, the reason a concrete normally undergoes early age shrinkage is that the concrete is being allowed to dry out too quickly. Figure 1 below shows an experimental result that is carried out to compare the strength of concrete by using different types of surfaces for 180 days. The surfaces are such as: -
Topcu, I. B., & Canbaz, M. (2004). Properties of concrete containing waste glass. Cement and Concrete Research, 34(2), 267-274.
Concrete is Artificial Stone obtained by mixing cement, sand and aggregates with water. Fresh concrete can be molded into almost any shape which is an inherent advantage over other materials.
Mortars consist of finely ground refractory materials which are then mixed with water to form a paste. They are used for laying and bonding shaped refractory products such as bricks. They are normally applied by trowelling [2]. The term Mortar is used to indicate a paste prepared by adding required quantity of water to a mixture of binding material like cement or lime and fine aggregates like sand. The above two components of mortar, namely, the binding material and fine aggregate are sometimes referred to as the matrix and adulterant respectively. The matrix binds the particles of the adulterant and as such, the durability, quality and strength of mortar will mainly depend on the quality and quantity of the matrix. The combined effect of the two components of mortar is that the mass is able to bind the bricks or stones firmly [1-2].
Fullerenes are accepted as the fourth for of solid carbon after amorphous, graphite and diamond forms. Fullerene chemistry has provided a new dimension of aromatic and a new platform for discussion of mathematical techniques pertinent to large cages. They are basically, large carbon cage molecules. These fullerenes have attracted great interest a large number of physical and chemical properties. These properties of nanostructures strongly depend on this size, shape and chemical compositions. This property leads to very interesting and recent applications in medicinal chemistry, material science and nanotechnology. Functionalization, intercalation and doping by the addition of electron acceptors or donors are the way of modifying the properties of these nanostructures. Among these nanostructures carbon based nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanocages, nanoshells,
Nowadays, the basic construction material is concrete which is used more than any other man-made material in the world to make pavements, architectural structures, foundations, roads, bridges, etc. Concrete is a construction material composed of cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally a coarse aggregate such as gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand), water, and chemical admixtures (such as accelerating admixtures, air-entraining admixtures, water-reducing and set-controlling admixtures, finely divided admixtures, polymers for polymer-modified concrete, superplasticizers, silica-fume admixture for high-strength concrete, corrosion inhibitors, etc). Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with water and placement due to a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cementitious material, which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a stone-like material.
If you look around from where you stand, you can probably see several pieces of glass: a window, reading glasses, mirror, computer screen, a lightbulb, maybe even a vase. Glass, with its design, is a vast and innovative material that has countless applications. It is an necessary component of numerous products that we use every day, most often without noticing. Few mass-produced substances add as much to modern living as glass does. It is clear that modern life would not be made possible without the manufacturing of glass.
Concrete is a product made by using a cementing medium; which is the reaction between hydraulic cement and water. Concrete is made with different types of cements that contain pozzolan, fly ash, blast furnace slag; as well as sulphur, admixtures, polymers and fibres. These concretes can be heated, pressured hydraulically and sprayed.
The response is borne out at temperatures from 600 to 1000 ºC for about 1 to 4 hours by using sol-gel method where all of the new materials were first broken up in ethyl alcohol (EtOH) and combine all in concert with different transition metal (e.g. Co (II or III), Mn, Li) concentrations [56, 57]. The mixtures solution then will be stirred around 60-80 °C till they form aerogel with the addition of catalyst acid. The aerogel were then burned or dry heat in oven till dry gel form. Finally, each of the samples is sintered at different temperatures from 600 to 1000 ºC for about 1 to 4 h till they melt [58–60]. The provision of the sample are briefly depicted in Figure 3
The glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid material that is commonly clear and has widespread sensible, technological, and ornamental usage in things like window panes, tableware, and optoelectronics. the foremost acquainted, and traditionally the oldest, kinds of glass are supported the substance silicon dioxide (silicon dioxide), the first constituent of sand. The term glass, in widespread usage, is commonly accustomed refer solely to the present form of material, that is acquainted from use as pane and in glass bottles. Of the various silica-based glasses that exist, standard glazing and instrumentation glass is made from a selected sort referred to as soda-lime glass, composed of roughly seventy-fifth silicon oxide (SiO2), atomic number 11 compound
The development of new technology in the material science is progressing rapidly. In last three decades, lot of research was carried out throughout globe in order to improve the performance of concrete in terms of strength and durability. Consequently concrete has no longer remained a construction material but has rather becomes an engineered custom tailored material with several new constituents to meet the specific needs of construction industry. The growing use of concrete in special architectural configurations and closely spaced reinforcing bars have made it very important to produce concrete that ensures proper filling ability, better structural performance and adequate durability. Concrete technology has under gone from macro to micro level study in the enhancement of concrete properties (strength and durability) from early eighties onwards.