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Potato famine in Ireland community impacts
Potato famine in Ireland community impacts
Potato famine in Ireland community impacts
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In Ireland in the years 1845-1852 a great famine caused a mass die off of potato crops throughout the country. Beginning in 1845 the weather in Ireland were abnormally chilly and damp for a summer season in Ireland, providing the perfect type of whether to allow diseases to spread rapidly. Phytophthora infestans, the cause of the great famine, can spread in the blowing wind. Shortage of food caused many Irish people to immigrate to other countries yet, some citizens of Ireland stayed most of which became struck will illnesses or died of starvation. Many farmers consolidated their land and shared the harvested crops creating another shortage of food for consolidated farming families. Potatoes originated from South America. . In the 1800s Ireland’s population grew immensely so, lands owners did not own more than a couple of acres for only themselves. The potato was first grown in the northern parts of South America then was introduced to Ireland in 1565. One theory shared by researchers about how the potato got to Ireland is that a ship sailing from South America carrying potatoes sank near the coast of Ireland and potatoes washed up on the shore. Another theory about the introduction of the potato to Ireland is that Sir Walter Raleigh brought potatoes back with him to Ireland from a trip to the Americas, but there is not a specific account of how potatoes were truly brought to Ireland and some experts believe there may not be one at all. Land consolidation is the act of moving uniting or over taking pieces of land owned by 1 or more people. In the 1800s Ireland’s population grew immensely so, lands owners did not own more than a couple of acres for only themselves. Many farmers consolidated their land and shared the harvested cr... ... middle of paper ... ...ickets and immigrate into the United States. It is estimated that about 1.5 million Irish people immigrated to the United States alone during the time of the famine. Most people believe that to cause of the Great Hunger was not really the blight on the potatoes; they believe England’s poor response to the loss of potato crop helped the disease spiral out of control. In conclusion, Potatoes were first grown in South America and in Mexico by the Inca people and the potato was introduced to Ireland from South America in 1565. The Irish Potato Famine of the 1800s was caused by Phytophthora infestans. Many Irish people depended greatly on the potatoes for a source of food in the winter and early spring months; potatoes were a staple in the diet of the Irish People. About 1.5 million people immigrated to the United States and another million died of disease or starvation.
The importance of social context in Land Law and the reforms which have occurred as a result cannot be ignored or their significance understated. In particular is the impact of the shift in the twentieth century to ‘emergence of a property owning, particularly a real-property-mortgaged-to-a-building-society-owning-democracy’. Such growth could hardly have been anticipated when the LPA 1925 was drafted and subsequently became statute. As a consequence of this growth the doctrine of the resulting trust and to a greater extent, the constructive trust became a robust mechanism by which non legal owners could establish beneficial interests in the home. Swadling comments on the ‘complete change in attitude’ between the emphasis on security of ownership of the home in Boland and the free marketability of land which we see in Flegg. He states ‘one wonders what has happened to the demands of social justice which justified their Lordships decision in 1980 (in Boland) over such a brief passage of time’. Did the House of Lords fail to resolve the very practical issue with which they were presented that had evolved over the passage of social change since the drafting of the 1925 legislation?
The Irish began immigrating to North America in the 1820s, when the lack of jobs and poverty forced them to seek better opportunities elsewhere after the end of the major European wars. When the Europeans could finally stop depending on the Irish for food during war, the investment in Irish agricultural products reduced and the boom was over. After an economic boom, there comes a bust and unemployment was the result. Two-thirds of the people of Ireland depended on potato harvests as a main source of income and, more importantly, food. Then between the years of 1845 and 1847, a terrible disease struck the potato crops. The plague left acre after acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. The failure of the potato yields caused the prices of food to rise rapidly. With no income coming from potato harvests, families dependent on potato crops could not afford to pay rent to their dominantly British and Protestant landlords and were evicted only to be crowded into disease-infested workhouses. Peasants who were desperate for food found themselves eating the rotten potatoes only to develop and spread horrible diseases. ¡§Entire villages were quickly homeless, starving, and diagnosed with either cholera or typhus.¡¨(Interpreting¡K,online) The lack of food and increased incidents of death forced incredible numbers of people to leave Ireland for some place which offered more suitable living conditions. Some landlords paid for the emigration of their tenants because it made more economic sense to rid farms of residents who were not paying their rent. Nevertheless, emigration did not prove to be an antidote for the Famine. The ships were overcrowded and by the time they reached their destination, approximately one third of its passengers had been lost to disease, hunger and other complications. However, many passengers did survive the journey and, as a result, approximately ¡§1.5 million Irish people immigrated to North America during the 1840¡¦s and 1850¡¦s.¡¨(Bladley, online) As a consequence of famine, disease (starvation and disease took as many as one million lives) and emigration, ¡§Ireland¡¦s population dropped from 8 million to 5 million over a matter of years.¡¨(Bladley, online) Although Britain came to the aid of the starving, many Irish blamed Britain for their delayed response and for centuries of political hardship as basi...
This is called plantation. The people who were 'planted' were Protestants. This caused problems because the majority of Ireland was Catholics. Catholics began to rebel against English Protestants, they were called Nationalists. They were people who wanted Ireland to be as one country.
A critical time in Irish History, the Great Irish Potato Famine in known in history books around the world, Europe’s last famine. Between 1845 and 1852 in Ireland was a period of excessive starvation, sickness and exile, known as the great Irish potato famine. During this time The Isle of Ireland lost between twenty and thirty per cent of its people. Although blight ravaged potato crops throughout Europe during the 1840s the impact and human cost in Ireland, where a third of the population was entirely dependent on the potato for food, was intensified by a host of political, social and economic factors which remain the subject of Irish historical discussion. The famine was a watershed in the history of Ireland. Its effects lastingly changed the islands demographic, political and cultural landscape. For both the native and those in the resulting diaspora, the famine entered folk memory and became a rallying point for various nationalist movements.
Domesticated potatoes were once all belong to one botanical species, Solanum tuberosum; it included thousands of varieties that had diversity in size, shape, color and other characteristics. The potato was first domesticated in the South America Andes, then the Puritans who took Mayflower arrived the land and the First Nations taught them about potatoes. Then the sailors went back to Europe and people started to plant potatoes in Spain, England, France, and many other countries in Europe. Later, potatoes were spread into Africa by the colonists. The crop was once believe to be poisonous by the local farmers who refused to plant them. However, the colonists persuaded the farmers and introduced potatoes as a low-price and high-production crop in substitute of wheat and rice.
The famine led many people to leave their homeland behind and started to consider new places to live at. Many Irish moved to America, the mainly settled in New York, Boston, and Pennsylvania. Even though immigrants usually bring with them problems and diseases that affect the stability of the country, however that was not the case with the Irish immigration. Irish immigration had tremendous benefits in the American society, the immigration improved many economic, political, and religious
During the mid 1840’s, blight in the potato crops in Ireland caused widespread starvation and migration of Irish citizens to the United States. Yet, the massive loss of life and massive exodus could have been avoided if British taxation upon the working class of Ireland was nullified. Though the struggle for liberation was already taking place, the potato famine furthered the cause and helped spread awareness. Furthermore, the potato famine made the average Irish family more reliant upon the government for subsidies and supports to get by.
Under these Plantations, the Ulster Plantation (1609), the Cromwellian Plantation (1652) and the Williamite Plantation (1693), 81% of the productive land in Ireland was confiscated from the native Irish (Gaelic-Irish and Norman-Irish alike, but invariably Catholic), and transferred to new immigrants (invariably Protestant) from Scotland and England.
In 1565 the Spanish found the potato when they were in search for gold. A conquistador names Gonzalo Jiminez de Quesada brought the potato back to Spain to compensate for the gold that he was unable to find. When the potatoes were seen, the Spanish thought that the potatoes were a kind of truffle and so they started calling them tartuffo. In 1589 Sir Walter Raleigh, a British explorer, first brought the potato to Ireland and planted them at his Irish estate in Myrtle Grove, Youghal, near Cork, Ireland. Now that you have the information on the potato, let’s get to the dependency of the potato at that time.
Social Security is a major social program that provides benefits to multiple groups of people within the United States. These benefits include payments for pensions, disability, and unemployment compensation just to name a few. The majority of social security beneficiaries are retired workers and the remaining are pension recipients, disabled workers, dependent spouses, and children of retired or deceased workers respectively (Hyman, 2011). Social Security is financed through a taxpayer payroll tax, in addition to an employer’s portion that is matched and paid directly to the government on a quarterly basis. The employer portion of Social Security is usually not transparent to employees, but is a requirement for companies by law. In addition, self-employed individuals are also required by law to pay their own portions of OASDI and Medicare. Overall, the eligibility requirements for Social Security benefits are based on paying a tax through a place of employment and can be collected once workers have reached their assigned retirement age or become disabled. The employee and employer contribution rate is 6.2% (7.65% include FICA), up to the maximum wage base of $113,700.
A succession of English monarchs had used the planting of Protestant English and Scottish people on lands seized from Irish Catholics as a way of increasing loyalty to the British Crown. This is an example of how the British treated the people of Ireland unfairly. In 1912 the British parliament gave home rule to Ireland. Home rule is when a country who is ruled by another country is given the ability to govern itself. However, some people in Ireland's Northern counties did not want home rule.
The Great Potato Famine was a huge disaster that would change Ireland forever. The people in Ireland were extremely dependent on potatoes and when the blight came the economy went down. When the fungus attacked the potato crops slowly crop by crop throughout Ireland, people began to lose their main source of food. With the people in Ireland’s huge dependency on the potato, people began to starve or get sick from the potatoes. No one had any food to eat. The potatoes were black inside with molds through out it that came from the fungus from something in nature. The weather that brought the blight also was one of the causes because they could not control how the weather was bringing the fungus. Ireland was under the British government and did not help Ireland when they needed Britain. The aftermath of the Great Famine was not only a huge drop in population, but emigration, and much more.
J.G. Hawkes, author of The Potato: Evolution, Biodiversity, and Genetic Resources, notes that the "potato [was] brought to Spain about 1570 by Spanish explorers who discovered it in South America. The potato was grown in the country of Chile. Hawkes also asserts that the potato was most likely brought to England around 1590. However, Redcliffe Salaman, author of The History and
The potato originated in the Andes Mountains of South America in what is now Peru and Bolivar. They were introduced to Europe by Spanish explorers in the 16th century. It took more than 200 years until they became a staple of European diets,
Aside from death by starvation, Irish people died from famine associated diseases such as cholera and typhus (Irish Culture, 2014). By examining census records it can be shown that the Irish potato famine caused poverty and starvation of the country, decreasing the population to 4 million, half its size before the famine. More than one million people emigrated during the potato famine never to return to Ireland, (Irish Culture, 2014). If the Irish people survived the boat trip riddled by starvation and related diseases, they started new lives in England, America or Canada. By examining the popular press of the time period it can be shown that the Irish potato famine caused hard times for the Irish people who in turn emigrated to other places in search of a plentiful amount of sustainable food. Britain, at the time, was the world’s wealthiest nation and after 1847 there was a sufficient amount of food to prevent the starvation of the Irish population. However, the British were not fond of assisting Ireland. By examining government records it can be shown that the Irish potato famine resulted in prejudice between the British Government and Ireland. Along with prejudice against Ireland, the relationship between the two countries suffered, leaving long lasting affects on both Ireland and