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Irish potato famine
Effect of irish potato famine
Irish potato famine
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The Great Potato Famine was an event that drastically affected the lives of the Irish in a bad way. This paper covers the history of the potato, the migration of the potato blight to Ireland, land consolidation, and agriculture laws in Ireland. Also, the food exports in Ireland during the time of the famine, potato dependency, and the relationship between the Irish and the English at that time. Now let’s give you some background knowledge on the potato.
In the ancient ruins of Peru and Chile, archaeologists have found potato remains that date back to 500 B.C. The Incas grew, ate, and worshipped the potatoes. Also, the Incas would bury the potatoes with their dead. The Incan potatoes had purplish skins and yellow flesh. The Incas called them papas like some people still do today.
In 1565 the Spanish found the potato when they were in search for gold. A conquistador names Gonzalo Jiminez de Quesada brought the potato back to Spain to compensate for the gold that he was unable to find. When the potatoes were seen, the Spanish thought that the potatoes were a kind of truffle and so they started calling them tartuffo. In 1589 Sir Walter Raleigh, a British explorer, first brought the potato to Ireland and planted them at his Irish estate in Myrtle Grove, Youghal, near Cork, Ireland. Now that you have the information on the potato, let’s get to the dependency of the potato at that time.
The Irish people greatly depended on the potato plant. It was their main crop that they grew. Also it was the main food source for a majority of the people. When the Phytophthera infestans attacked the potatoes it caused a great crisis. One of the crisis’s that the P. infestans caused was the potato blight. This led to the starvation of more than a mil...
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...ine month period in the year of 1847 where the Irish exported grain-derived alcohol to England. They exported 874,170 gallons of Porter, 278,658 gallons of Guinness, and 183,392 gallons of Whiskey. The total amount of grain-derived alcohol exported from Ireland was 1,336,220 gallons.
The Great Potato Famine was an event that drastically affected the lives of the Irish in a bad way. This paper has explained this to you. The potato has evolved and has come a long way it came from 500 B.C. and still exists today. Ireland has went through a rough time from dealing with a trying to get their independence and supporting the Irish people and the English people. This was all happening while the potato blight was happening causing the death of many people and the migration of many others. This was a bad time and now you know why it was a terrible time for the Irish people.
“It must be understood that we cannot feed the people” (Kinealy Calamity 75). The mid 1800s in Ireland were characterized by extreme poverty, death, and emigration. The Great Potato Famine, also known as “The Great Hunger,” first hit in 1845; however, its effects lasted into the 1850s and can still be seen today. Prior to the famine, Irish manufacture and trade was controlled and suppressed by British government, which made Ireland an extremely poor country. Farmers in Ireland were forced to export crops such as corn, wheat, and oats to Britain, which left the potato as the main dietary staple for the people, especially the poor. Therefore, when the fungus Phytophthora infestans caused some, and eventually all, of the crop to rot over the next couple of years, the reliance on the one crop made the people of Ireland extremely susceptible to the famine. The effects were devastating, and poverty spread across the nation causing a huge increase in homelessness, the death-rate, emigration, and a change in the Irish people and country overall.
The Irish began immigrating to North America in the 1820s, when the lack of jobs and poverty forced them to seek better opportunities elsewhere after the end of the major European wars. When the Europeans could finally stop depending on the Irish for food during war, the investment in Irish agricultural products reduced and the boom was over. After an economic boom, there comes a bust and unemployment was the result. Two-thirds of the people of Ireland depended on potato harvests as a main source of income and, more importantly, food. Then between the years of 1845 and 1847, a terrible disease struck the potato crops. The plague left acre after acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot. The failure of the potato yields caused the prices of food to rise rapidly. With no income coming from potato harvests, families dependent on potato crops could not afford to pay rent to their dominantly British and Protestant landlords and were evicted only to be crowded into disease-infested workhouses. Peasants who were desperate for food found themselves eating the rotten potatoes only to develop and spread horrible diseases. ¡§Entire villages were quickly homeless, starving, and diagnosed with either cholera or typhus.¡¨(Interpreting¡K,online) The lack of food and increased incidents of death forced incredible numbers of people to leave Ireland for some place which offered more suitable living conditions. Some landlords paid for the emigration of their tenants because it made more economic sense to rid farms of residents who were not paying their rent. Nevertheless, emigration did not prove to be an antidote for the Famine. The ships were overcrowded and by the time they reached their destination, approximately one third of its passengers had been lost to disease, hunger and other complications. However, many passengers did survive the journey and, as a result, approximately ¡§1.5 million Irish people immigrated to North America during the 1840¡¦s and 1850¡¦s.¡¨(Bladley, online) As a consequence of famine, disease (starvation and disease took as many as one million lives) and emigration, ¡§Ireland¡¦s population dropped from 8 million to 5 million over a matter of years.¡¨(Bladley, online) Although Britain came to the aid of the starving, many Irish blamed Britain for their delayed response and for centuries of political hardship as basi...
The 1920’s were the singularly most influential years of farming in our country. The loss of farms following the war, and new agricultural practices resulted in the dawn of modern agriculture in our country. The shift from small family to big corporation during this time is now the basis for how our society deals with food today. Traditional farming in the 1920’s underwent a series of massive transitions following WWI as the number of farms decreased and the size of farms increased.
There are several circumstances to take into consideration when looking at the causes of the Great Potato Famine in Ireland. Due to the great dependence the Irish people had on the potato, it is clear how blight could devastate a country and its people. To understand the Irish people's dependence on the potato for diet, income, and a way out of poverty, it is necessary to look at several key factors that were evident before the famine. Factors such farming as the only way of life, rise in population, and limited crops explain why the people of Ireland relied on the potato. But not only do these reasons clarify why the famine hit the Irish people so hard, other important factors play into effect as well. By looking at the weak relationship between England and Ireland through parliamentary acts and trade laws, it is more evident what the causes of the Great Famine are and why it was so detrimental.
Domesticated potatoes were once all belong to one botanical species, Solanum tuberosum; it included thousands of varieties that had diversity in size, shape, color and other characteristics. The potato was first domesticated in the South America Andes, then the Puritans who took Mayflower arrived the land and the First Nations taught them about potatoes. Then the sailors went back to Europe and people started to plant potatoes in Spain, England, France, and many other countries in Europe. Later, potatoes were spread into Africa by the colonists. The crop was once believe to be poisonous by the local farmers who refused to plant them. However, the colonists persuaded the farmers and introduced potatoes as a low-price and high-production crop in substitute of wheat and rice.
The potato famine in Ireland from 1845-1852 sent thousands of poor farmers to America in hope of finding jobs. The Irish were overly dependent on the potato for a means of income, so when it faltered, so did their source of income. In America, the Irish worked in factories with
During the mid 1840’s, blight in the potato crops in Ireland caused widespread starvation and migration of Irish citizens to the United States. Yet, the massive loss of life and massive exodus could have been avoided if British taxation upon the working class of Ireland was nullified. Though the struggle for liberation was already taking place, the potato famine furthered the cause and helped spread awareness. Furthermore, the potato famine made the average Irish family more reliant upon the government for subsidies and supports to get by.
During 1845-1846 events in Ireland would change the lives of many. The Great Potato Famine was a major incident that shocked the entire world. This incident was cause by a disease that traveled from ships overseas. The Great Potato Famine affected one of the biggest crops at the time, which was the potato. Many people got sick from this disease otherwise known as, Phytophthora Infestins. Phytophthora Infestins killed about 1 million people in Ireland.
With 3 million either gone or dead from the island of Ireland, 1845 was possibly the most painful year in its history. It was also obvious that something was afflicting Ireland, with the smell and sight of the crops. Death rate grew high, and immigration even higher during this time period of the famine. The Great Potato Famine of 1845 had a massive effect on Ireland in population decrease, the reactions of the people, and effects it had on the future of Ireland.
The Green Corn Rebellion was a short-lived uprising against the United States federal government. The rebellion was unique to Oklahoma and it spanned three counties: Pottawatomie, Pontotoc and Seminole. It consisted mainly of poor white men, but it also included African Americans and Native Americans as well. The cause, outcome and historical significance are all important factors of the Green Corn Rebellion. This small rebellion rarely makes it into the history books, but it had a great impact on the Socialist Revolution, which began around 1910 and continues even today. Many people consider World War One, which began in 1914, as the beginning of the Socialist Movement.
The Irish Famine 1845-1849 “Is ar scáth a chiéle a maireann na daoine” “It is with each other’s protection that the people live” From the Fifteenth through to the Nineteenth centuries English Monarchies and Governments had consistently enacted laws which it seems were designed to oppress the Irish and suppress and destroy Irish Trade and manufacturing. In the Penal laws of 1695 which aimed to destroy Catholicism, Catholics were forbidden from practicing their religion, receiving education, entering a profession, or purchasing or leasing land; since Catholics formed eighty percent of the Irish population, this effectively deprived the Irish of any part in civil life in their own country. In the eighteenth century the Irish condition had improved: The Irish merchant marine had been revived and ports improved, and the glass, linen, and clothing industries developed. Agriculture had also been improved and in 1782 the Irish Constitution was formed.
The great Inca empire had an astonishing influence on Peru as well as Latin America. One way that the Incas influenced Latin America as well a space is by making freeze dried food. The Incas would make freeze dried food in case of a drought or crop failure. But how did such an early empire create something still used today? The Incas live up high in the Andes mountains in the altitudinal zone Terre Fría, it was freezing. The Incas would take potatoes or any type of crop and put cloth around it. They would take the wrapped crop and place it down to freeze over night. After it would freeze they would squeeze the moisture out of the potato and repeat this process until they made freezed dried food. The freeze dried potato would be called chuño.
“It began with a blight of the potato crop that left acre upon acre of Irish farmland covered with black rot.”(The Irish Famine, 1) This of course is in reference to the Irish Famine. The Irish Famine was another cause of the tensions in Ireland. As crops across Ireland failed, the price of food soared. This made it impossible for Irish farmers to sell there goods, the good which the farmers relied upon to pay their rent to their English and Protestant landlords.
The Great Potato Famine was a huge disaster that would change Ireland forever. The people in Ireland were extremely dependent on potatoes and when the blight came the economy went down. When the fungus attacked the potato crops slowly crop by crop throughout Ireland, people began to lose their main source of food. With the people in Ireland’s huge dependency on the potato, people began to starve or get sick from the potatoes. No one had any food to eat. The potatoes were black inside with molds through out it that came from the fungus from something in nature. The weather that brought the blight also was one of the causes because they could not control how the weather was bringing the fungus. Ireland was under the British government and did not help Ireland when they needed Britain. The aftermath of the Great Famine was not only a huge drop in population, but emigration, and much more.
Sweet potatoes date back to 750 B.C. in Peruvian reports, even though archeologists have found evidence showing that sweet potatoes began around 2500-1850 BCE. It is also said that Columbus brought sweet potatoes from England and soon after they were transported here. They became very popular in South and Central America. Later, Columbus brought sweet potatoes back to Spain and there they became popular as well. Nonetheless in recipes it would get confused as to whether it was the white potato or the sweet potato. Not until the late 1740’s was when they began to distinguish a difference. The sweet potato also got more “fame” when England’s John Gerard wrote about the sweet potato in his 1597 Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. He wrote that the sweet potato “comforts, strengthens, and nourishes the body” and also, “procuring bodily lust”. Gerard’s suggested words could have been the reason for popularity of sweet potatoes during the 16th century.