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During the 20th century in Ireland, girls had to suppress their inner-sexual thoughts and desires becasue Irish girls' personal lives were dictated and controlled by the Catholic church and state. Ireland socially accepted female inferiority as they humiliated and tortured young girls for loving another partner. As seen in Seamus Heaney's poem, Punishment, and the documentary, Sex in a Cold Climate, Irish girls' views of love and sex were forever tainted because of the public treatment and ridicule they received. In Punishment, Heaney describes a personal experience witnessing a young girl tarred-and-feathered in public for loving a British solider. Moreover, Sex in a Cold Climate focuses on four women and their tragic experiences in Ireland's Magdalene Asylums. Furthermore drawing themes from Punishment and Sex in a Cold Climate, I am going to discuss the relationship between sexual desires and punishment and argue that Irish girls were deprived of having a normal love and sex life.
In Seamus Heaney's Punishment (1975), recalls a specific yet terrible moment in his life.
The Irish rebellion against Britain remained significant to nationalism to Ireland and Irish people; moreover, to those who betray Ireland were severely chastised. According to Enda Duffy, Heaney observed a young women, naked and bald, ready to be hanged in front of the church where she was being tarred and penalized for being enamored with a British solider (Duffy 4/6/10). Heaney calls this woman a “little adultress” and “[his] scapegoat” to show the woman's betrayal to her country (Heaney ln 23, 28). This situation is biased because of the soldier's nationality: if the solider was Irish, the couple would be socially acceptable but because t...
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... are deprived of this and having a love and sex life becomes a privilege.
Works Cited
Crowley, Una, and Rob Kitchin. "Producing 'decent girls': governmentality and the moral geographies of sexual conduct in Ireland (1922-1937)." Gender, Place & Culture: A Journal of Feminist Geography 15.4 (2008): 355-372. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 May 2010.
Heaney, Seamus. Selected Poems from "Opened Ground" by Seamus Heaney (York Notes Advanced). New York: Longman, 2000. Print.
Sex in a Cold Climate. Dir. Peter Mullan. Perf. Kate Christie, Sean Colgan, Daniel Costello (II). Miramax Home Entertainment, 1998. DVD.
Smith, James M. "The Politics of Sexual Knowledge: The Origins of Ireland's Containment Culture and the Carrigan Report (1931)." Journal of the History of Sexuality 13.2 (2004): 208-233. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 May 2010.
Each chapter contains numerous sources which complement the aforementioned themes, to create a new study on cultural history in general but women specifically. Her approach is reminiscent of Foucault, with a poststructural outlook on social definitions and similar ideas on sexuality and agency. Power cannot be absolute and is difficult to control, however Victorian men and women were able to grasp command of the sexual narrative. She includes the inequalities of class and gender, incorporating socioeconomic rhetic into the
At the beginning of the 1900s, there was a “sexual revolution” in New York City. During this time, sexual acts and desires were not hidden, but instead they were openl...
Accordingly, I decided the purposes behind women 's resistance neither renamed sexual introduction parts nor overcame money related dependence. I recalled why their yearning for the trappings of progression could darken into a self-compelling consumerism. I evaluated how a conviction arrangement of feeling could end in sexual danger or a married woman 's troublesome twofold day. None of that, regardless, ought to cloud an era 's legacy. I comprehend prerequisites for a standard of female open work, another style of sexual expressiveness, the area of women into open space and political fights previously cornered by men all these pushed against ordinary restrictions even as they made new susceptibilities.
There is particular consideration given to the political climate in this story. It is incorporated with social and ethnic concerns that are prevalent. The story also addresses prejudice and the theme of ethnic stereotyping through his character development. O'Connor does not present a work that is riddled with Irish slurs or ethnic approximations. Instead, he attempts to provide an account that is both informative and accurate.
Irigaray, Luce. “That Sex Which is Not One.” The Critical Tradition: Classic Texts and Contemporary Trends. Ed. David H. Richter. Boston: Bedford Books, 1998. 1467-1471.
...am Victorian society, sexual liberalism transformed the ways in which people arranged their private lives. Shifting from a Victorian environment of production, separate sexual spheres, and the relegation of any illicit extramarital sex to an underworld of vice, the modern era found itself in a new landscape of consumerism, modernism and inverted sexual stereotypes. Sexuality was now being discussed, systemized, controlled, and made an object of scientific study and popular discourse. Late nineteenth-century views on "natural" gender and sexuality, with their attendant stereotypes about proper gender roles and proper desires, lingered long into the twentieth century and continue, somewhat fitfully, to inform the world in which we live. It is against this cultural and political horizon that an understanding of sexuality in the modern era needs to be contextualized.
Sexuality is a subject that has changed over times, the idea of sexuality and sex shifted from one view to another as people began to enforce different views in society. At the beginning of the 17th century there was little need for secrecy about sexuality and sexual practices as the idea was an open topic that could be discussed freely in society. Adult humour was not kept from children and ideas were open to all (Foucault and Hurley, 2008). However this times in society changed due to the power of the Victorian bourgeoisie. Sex and sexuality became confined and moved into the privacy of the home. People no longer spoke freely about it and secrecy became key (Foucault and Hurley, 2008).
Halperin, David. "Is There a History of Sexuality?." The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader. Ed. Henry
Foucault, M. (1978). The History of Sexuality, Vol. 1: An Introduction. New York: Vintage Books.
In Sigmund Freud’s “Sexual Morality and Modern Nervousness”, contained in Sexuality and the Psychology of Love, the writer presents separate roles for men and women as it relates to sexuality, even referring to a “double code of morality” (22) for the genders. In his paper the former often takes the role of the subject while the former becomes the object. In fact, women are described as the “true sexual guardians of the race” glorified, it seems, instead of truly studied. However, in one particular section of the essay, Freud turns his focus onto the female sexuality. In specific he references the various factors that, in his eyes, can influence the female sexual formation. The primary influences being that of the society, primarily the institution of marriage, and that of the family, which would include both a woman’s parents and children. After discussing these elements, Freud then
A collection of short stories published in 1907, Dubliners, by James Joyce, revolves around the everyday lives of ordinary citizens in Dublin, Ireland (Freidrich 166). According to Joyce himself, his intention was to "write a chapter of the moral history of [his] country and [he] chose Dublin for the scene because the city seemed to [b]e the centre of paralysis" (Friedrich 166). True to his goal, each of the fifteen stories are tales of disappointment, darkness, captivity, frustration, and flaw. The book is divided into four sections: childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life (Levin 159). The structure of the book shows that gradually, citizens become trapped in Dublin society (Stone 140). The stories portray Joyce's feeling that Dublin is the epitome of paralysis and all of the citizens are victims (Levin 159). Although each story from Dubliners is a unique and separate depiction, they all have similarities with each other. In addition, because the first three stories -- The Sisters, An Encounter, and Araby parallel each other in many ways, they can be seen as a set in and of themselves. The purpose of this essay is to explore one particular similarity in order to prove that the childhood stories can be seen as specific section of Dubliners. By examining the characters of Father Flynn in The Sisters, Father Butler in An Encounter, and Mangan's sister in Araby, I will demonstrate that the idea of being held captive by religion is felt by the protagonist of each story. In this paper, I argue that because religion played such a significant role in the lives of the middle class, it was something that many citizens felt was suffocating and from which it was impossible to get away. Each of the three childhood stories uses religion to keep the protagonist captive. In The Sisters, Father Flynn plays an important role in making the narrator feel like a prisoner. Mr. Cotter's comment that "… a young lad [should] run about and play with young lads of his own age…" suggests that the narrator has spent a great deal of time with the priest. Even in death, the boy can not free himself from the presence of Father Flynn (Stone 169) as is illustrated in the following passage: "But the grey face still followed me. It murmured; and I understood that it desired to confess something.
No greater degradation took place in the Victorian woman’s life than in the bedroom. The Victorian woman had no right to her own body, as she was not permitted to refuse conjugal duties. She was believed to be asexual: “The majority of women, happily for them, are not much troubled with sexual feeling of any kind” (Woloch 128). The inference is, if the husband did not demand the f...
Society viewed a respectable woman as having utility for marriage, reproduction within marriage and domestic work (McLoughlin 81). If a woman did something to violate her obligation it was as if she faced a moral death, losing all her value and connection to her previous life. These values are based on the extreme interpretation of Catholic teachings which were exerted on society following the independence of the Irish Free State in the 1920s and 1930s (Hayes and Urquhart 96). The unrestr...
Foster, R.F.,ed. The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Oxford University Press: Oxford, New York, 1989.
McCann et al. Belfast: Institute of Irish Studies, 1994, 95-109).