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Homophobia is a terrible form of bullying and it is one of the largest issues in secondary schools today. The perceived opinions and concepts that come out of this type of harassment causes young adolescents who are part of the LGBTQ community or ones that remains closeted to fall into a stigma that can be extremely harmful. By falling into this stigma it opens the youth up to whole world of harassment, ridicule, physical altercations and numerous other acts that can ultimately diminish a person to nothing; which, in some cases can end unfortunately. One of the major questions you should ask is if we live in such a progressive society, why are youth in schools today stigmatized because of their sexuality? And where does this stigma come from? The reading suggest that there are many ways to put an end to this stigma but some only work in certain situations why others seem good in theory but fail in practice. This is means that we as a community have to come together as one to stop the spread of homophobia at first sight so that is does not escalate.
What is a stigma?
To determine how these youth become stigmatized we must first be able to describe what a stigma its and how it attaches to a person and where it might come from. The concept of stigma is derived from Greek origin where an individual was marked by a tattoo, cut/ burn on the skin which served as an identifier for criminals’ slave’s traitors. These people were marked with these blemished so that the public could see them as morally polluted persons. Since this time the word has been modified to something that is more relatable to today’s society. Thus stigma is now referred to as severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultu...
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...iences of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals." Journal of LGBT Youth 5.1 (March 2008): 1-10. Print.
Herek, Gregory M., J. Roy Gillis, and Jeanine C. Cogan. "Internalized Stigma among Sexual Minority Adults: Insights from a Social Psychological Perspective." Journal of Counseling Psychology 56.1 (2009): 32-43. Print.
Horn, Stacey S., and Katherine E. Romeo. "Peer Contexts for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Students: Reducing Stigma, Prejudice, and Discrimination." Prevention Researcher 17.4 (2010): 7-10. Print.
Payne, Elizabethe, and Melissa Smith. "Reduction of Stigma in Schools: An Evaluation of the First Three Years." Issues in Teacher Education 19.2 (2010): 11-36. Print.
Wright, Eric, and Brea Perry. "Sexual Identity Distress, Social Support, and the Health of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth." Journal of Homosexuality 51.1 (2006): 81-110. Print.
Internalized homophobia is when negative attitudes from the primary group, mainly family but also the surrounding community, cause negative homophobic thoughts in a person that has same-sex attraction, but may not identify with it. This kind of internalization creates lack of self worth for those that do not “come out”. Research supports that internalized homophobia contributes to lower self-acceptance, loneliness, depression, and the lessened ability to come out to others. Internalized homophobia has a high impact on lesbians because society’s norms are to be married to a man and reproduce, and this norm is the majority in small, rural communities. Because of this norm, lesbians try to maintain a “normal”, “acceptable” lifestyle, and get married and have children, while fighting within themselves about their identity. “A number of studies have found that the degree of internalized homophobia was inversely related to relationship satisfaction in lesbians” (Spencer, 2007, pg. 258).
Throughout research, there is an understanding of the possibility of there being a relationship connection between past traumatic events of adolescents to changing their life style from heterosexual to homosexual. What is considered an adolescent for this study are adolescents between the ages of 13-17 because once you are the age 18 you are considered a legal adult in the United States. The study will take place looking at the age bracket of adolescents, which live in the United States. In this, the research will be looking at th...
...llness. A Report on the Fifth International Stigma Conference . June 4–6, 2012. Ottawa, Canada
Tori, DeAngelis. "New data on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Mental Health." www.apa.org/monitor/feb02/newdata.aspx . N.p., 12 february 2002. Web. 9 Apr 2014.
This study explores the lives of sexual minority individuals who have endured childhood physical abuse, and the long term psychological effects in which it creates. This study in particular sampled members who were solely apart of the LGBT community - 112 adult lesbians and 115 gay men to be exact. Childhood physical abuse is well-known to be detrimental as it is closely related to psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Even worse, it is known to arise high risk behaviors such as suicide thoughts, and substance abuse. Furthermore, it is crucial to understand internalized homophobia and experiential avoidance as it too plays a huge role in the current psychological well being of theses individuals. Internalized homophobia, negative societal attitudes towards homosexuality, is known to bridge the gap for gay men and their current symptoms. In contrast, for the sample community of lesbians, experiential avoidance was the mediator for their current
Mercer, L. R. & Berger, R. M. (1989). Social service needs of lesbian and gay adolescents. Adolescent Sexuality: New Challenges for Social Workers. Haworth Press.
There are many different ways to define stigma, but there are many common themes. Stigma is an attribute assigned to a person which sets them apart from others and casts them in a negative light (Link et al.; Byrne, 2000). This negative light leads to many other issues in a stigmatized person’s life. One is self confidence;
...a. Homophobic behavior can be driven by an individual’s fear, family, religion, culture, political affiliation, societal setting, and personal beliefs. All three articles made suggestions in order to prevent stereotypes and homophobia, and while many people are being educated and changing their beliefs about homosexuality, many more people may never change their beliefs and ideals. Educating people to change their minds takes generations, since many people are not so easily persuaded to think differently. People have been brainwashed to think certain ways. Even though society is beginning to accept homosexuality and homosexuals, society still has not broken the stereotypes associated. Stereotypes today are still prevalent, need to be addressed, and broken so homosexuals can have the same freedoms as heterosexuals and not live in fear of being discriminated against.
It is very reasonable to conclude that research on depression of those who identify as gay, lesbian or transsexual is not accurate; there is an underreporting of people who identify as these sexual orientations because of the fear of being different. It is understood that those apart of the LGBTQ community actively hide their identity in hopes to avoid being rejected or abused (Bird, 2013). Once the reporting issue of having a smaller percentage of the actual representation of the LGBTQ population is put aside, there is evidence that highly suggests that lesbians and gay men are at higher risk for psychiatric disorders than heterosexuals (Cochran, 2001). Even after underreporting, there is still enough information to conclude that sexual discrimination can have harmful effects on the quality of life. Common factors that have been observed in lesbians and gays that can potentially increase depression during Cochran's study are anxiety and mood disorders and decreased self esteem. Cochran and her partner also noted that dissatisfaction with how one is treated beca...
There is very little research that has been done in the past on the mental health of LGBT individuals. In 1997 the federal center for Mental Health Services called for information to be compiled on the topic (Lucksted 3). Most of the information came from small publications, grass root information and self-reporting and even this information was incomplete because of the lesser reporting on people of the transgender and bisexual communities. This older report shows what the state of affairs was in ...
The debate over homosexuality as nature or nurture dominates most topics about homosexuality. People often confuse the nature/nurture issue with the development of gay identity. In fact, the nature/nurture argument plays a small, insignificant role concerning gay youths (Walling 11). Homosexual identity is the view of the self as homosexual in association with romantic and sexual situations (Troiden 46) Many researchers have either discussed or created several models or theories concerning the development of homosexual identity. However, the most prominent is Troiden’s sociological four-stage model of homosexual identity formation. Dr. Richard R. Troiden desc...
Stigma is a powerful tool of social control. Stigma can be used to marginalize, exclude and exercise power over individuals who show certain characteristics. While the societal rejection of certain social groups (e.g. 'homosexuals, injecting drug users, sex workers') may predate HIV/AIDS, the disease has, in many cases, reinforced this stigma. By blaming certain individuals or groups, society can excuse itself from the responsibility of caring for and looking after such populations. This is seen not only in the manner in which 'outsider' groups are often blamed for bringing HIV into a country, but also in how such groups are denied access to the services and treatment they need.
Vrangalova, Z., & Savin-Williams, R. C. (2012). Mostly heterosexual and mostly gay/lesbian: Evidence for new sexual orientation identities. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 41, 85-101. doi: 10.1007/s10505- 012-9921-y.
Baker, Jean M. How Homophobia Hurts Children: Nurturing Diversity at Home, at School, and in the Community. New York: Harrington Park, 2002. Print.
Huegel, Kelly. GLBTQ: The Survival Guide for Queer and Questioning Teens. Vol. 1. Free Spirit Publishing, 2003. 1 vols.