Why Children Withdraw From Sports

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Sports participation provides lifelong benefits for young people such as improving fitness, learning teamwork and developing character. Yet despite these benefits, millions of children dropout or withdraw from sports each year. In fact, Petlichkoff (1996) estimated the annual dropout rate at 35% with many children withdrawing from sports in early adolescent (cited in Fraser-Thomas & Deakin, 2008). Further, Telama, Yang, Hirvensalo, and Raitakari (2006) state when early withdrawal happens, children will less likely engage in physical activity later in life. Because of the high dropout rate and associated implications, researchers have devoted numerous studies investigating the factors that may cause children to withdraw from sports. For …show more content…

In this regard, Harter’s competence motivation theory has provided an important theoretical framework to evaluate how motivation influences effort, persistence, and achievement in the physical activity domain. This motivational model consists of three competency, or ability, subgroups. First, cognitive competence, addresses academic performance, such as wanting to do well in science class (Harter, 1982). Second, social competence concerns relationships, feeling important, and wanting acceptance from others (Harter, 1982). Third, physical competency, deals with outdoor and sport participation (Harter, 1982). Further, within each subgroup (cognitive, social, or physical), perceived competence will serve as a mediator between actual competence and the related activity (Harter, 1982). For instance, a child who feels confident in his or her basketball skills will practice more in an attempt to improve those skills …show more content…

Though McKiddie and Maynard (1997) did not find that children at age 12 years exhibit accurate perceived competence as previous studies, accuracy did improve with age (Harter, 1981; Horn & Hasbrook, 1987; Horn & Weiss). Additionally, Horn and Weiss (1991) found children with different levels of perceived competence (higher, lower, or accurate) in relation to their actual competence used different information feedback sources. Specifically, children with under or accurate levels of perceived competence relied on peer comparisons for informational feedback, but children with higher levels of perceived competence used skill improvement over time as the feedback

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