A sensor is a transducer which changes physical quantities like pressure, speed, temperature into electrical quantities (analog or digital). Sensors are computer controlled through which it receives the signal and produces output. A sensor's output varies depending upon the type of sensor used. The accuracy of an output depends upon the sensor's sensitivity quality. There are some sensors which can have an impact of force on what it measures and if a sensor's size in small, the output's accuracy and result will be high. Nowadays, sensors are used almost in all fields such as automobiles and aviation, electrical and electronic systems, and even used alongside with some mechanical systems also. In the recent times, sensors are preferred a lot …show more content…
Automobile sensors are used in the three main parts of an automobile- Powertrain, Body, and Chassis[1]. The use of sensors rather than the mechanical systems improves the performance and reliability of an automobile. But yet a sensor equipped automobile can be expensive. The use of sensors adds up safety and security to a vehicle. There are a large variety of sensors used within a vehicle. Let us see some of them in this review paper. 2.1 POWERTRAIN SENSORS: Powertrain sensors are used within the inside of an engine to build up the engine's performance and efficiency. These sensors are responsible for each and every movement of the engine and are of three types: • Engine control: Sensors which are responsible for the smooth performance of the engine. They take care of the engine's speed and torque, fuel injection level, air-fuel mixture ratio and so on. • Engine diagnostic: These sensors are to diagnose any misfires inside the engine, to check the coolant and engine oil levels and to control the engine …show more content…
A knock sensor in automobiles is actually mechanically tuned to make it to ring it at the normal ringing frequency which is in the limit of 7-8 KHz usually in most of the engines. This piezoelectric transducer is placed on the engine to block to receive most of the vibrations from all the cylinders of the engine. Hence, by doing so the sensitivity of the sensor will be increased. The sensor works by measuring the ionization current from across the normal firing of the spark plug. The ionization current can be produced by applying a small voltage to the spark plug between the two electrodes. This voltage produces the ionization current which is used to produce the necessary vibrations or ringing signal. These signals are used to counter any retardation in the ignition unit which produces the knocking effect. Thus, this sensor efficiently reduces the retardation in the ignition system and takes care of complete combustion of the air-fuel mixture when the spark is ignited. Thus, the knocking effect can be avoided by using the piezoelectric knock
The 1985-1988 TPI system utilized the following sensors and devices to control the engine: Mass Air Flow Sensor and Module, Manifold Air Temperature Sensor, Coolant Temperature Sensor, Oxygen Sensor, Throttle Position Sensor, Cold Start Switch, Cold Start Injector, Fuel Injectors, Idle Air Control Valve, Vehicle Speed Sensor, Electronic Spark Timing Sensor and Module, and Knock Sensor.
Detroit asserts that the Cadillac engine system is responsible for cost reduction especially with regard to the Cadillac maintenance (73). This owes to the fact that the flexible logistics of installation and low consumption of fuel guarantee savings. This vehicle’s engine is efficient due to the fact that it is safe to drive at high and low speeds. The brake system of this vehicle does not require electromagnetic fields in order to function. The model in question is also fitted with emergency tools, which help in case of skidding. These tools include the braking cruise control. Cadillac’s brake system is light unlike other vehicles’ brake systems, and this enhances swiftness in driving the Cadillac. Additionally, this model does not have the shortcoming of fuel loss especially through drags. The Cadillac has Eigen solver system, which is responsible for squeal analysis. In this regard, the need for programming is eliminated. The thermoregulation ensures that the braking system’s heat is controlled. Furthermore, the thermoregulation amplifies the computation performance of squeal. The engine...
side of vehicle for fuel or oil leaks. Visually checks right side of vehicle ...
3.Combustion: As the piston reaches the top of its stroke or TDC, the spark plug fires, igniting the mixture. Due to the high compression of this mixture it is very volatile and it explodes when the spark is introduced. This pushes the piston downward and produces power.
For over a century people have relied on automobiles, planes and trains as means of transportation, industry and agriculture, it has become such a successful necessity in the modern world that it has become a need for people to use them to get by. Now sure the three basic means of transportation are entirely different in the way the function and their use. All of these means of transportation would not be possible without this invention transportation could not be possible, The Internal Combustion Engine. You might be wondering what is exactly is an Internal Combustion Engine? It’s actually a simple concept but the way it’s performed can becoming very complex. The function of is to create a pulling force through a controlled explosion of compressed air and fuel inside a combustion chamber which then pulls a crank. Depending on what type of platform the engine is on will determine what the crank turns, for an example in a car the crank then turns either a front or rear axle which that axle transversely turns a wheel. In order for this engine to function in needs three elements - air, fuel and spark and without one of these elements the engine will not function, so it takes precise timing and careful planning by the Engineers to make the engine work as required.
Imagine that your car could detect hazardous roads before you could sense it? A feature that provides this type of protective driving exists within European cars. This valuable safety feature that is offered in European cars i...
Beginning in 2006, Volkswagen began designing a new version of diesel engine for future cars it planned on producing. The engineers tasked to this job quickly realized that they could not meet customer needs and emission standards at the same time [1]. The engineers decided to use software known as a “defeat device” that allowed the car to sense when it was going through an emissions test and reduce its pollution output [1].
chamber used as a control will be used to measure any changes due to air
IC Temperature Sensors agreed that there is a major diversity of how thermal sensors read the heat, for example, a thermometer measures temperature with mercury rising as heat increases, showing the temperature on the side. However, thermometers only measure the temperature when it is close up to the heat source. Thermographic sensors are long ranged temperature measuring devices which makes them more ideal for this experiment. Thermographic sensors read the temperature using thermograms. Thermograms show a variety of different shades of color depending the temperature. The temperature is based off a number of different variables such as thermal radiation (2007). Thermal sensors that use thermography have many uses that they were created for. Thermal sensors are used in the military to detect explosives frequently. The marines use thermography to spot enemies also. Thermography is not only used by the military, it is also used for medical reasons such as detection of breast cancer (Flir Threat Detection,
Cars are large objects of great mass which can reach very fast velocities, this can be a dangerous combination if the physics aren’t correct. Seeing as there is over 1.2 billion cars world wide, physicians have put much detail into aspects of cars to make them as safe as possible. In the paragraphs below I will be be briefly discussing different aspects of the everyday automobile and its safety.
The computer has a major role in determining on how much power the car needs from the electric motor. The electric motor gets the power back from a set of Nickel Metal Hydride batteries. The computer reclaims excess heat from the brakes and electric motor to...
The Ultimate Vehicle Security System. (2001). Retrieved September 18, 2001 from the World Wide Wed: http://www.powerlock.com/plfront.htm
Immunosensor or commonly known as Biosensor came together by combining a biological receptors and a sensor to make one device. It is a device for the detection of an analyte. The analytical device which functions to analyze a sample for the presence of specific compound is the sensor and using a biological material to specifically interact with the analyte is known as biosensor. Biosensor involves converting a chemical flow of information into electric signal and is classified based on common types of bioreceptors. In general, the aim of biosensor is to enable quick convenient testing at the point of concern and care where the sample was procured.
(c). Hanks. P. 2000. The Basics of Loop Vehicle Detection. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.marshproducts.com/pdf/Inductive%20Loop%20Write%20up.pdf.html. [Accessed 01 December 13].
In my undergraduate years, I have acquired a strong background in the fundamentals of basic mechanical engineering, having studied subjects such as Strength of Materials, Thermodynamics, Fluid Mechanics, Heat and Mass Transfer, Design of Machine Elements and Automobile Engineering. Whilst pursuing my diploma & degree courses, my interest for Automotive Engineering grew even more having learnt more on the different types of internal combustion engines, their configuration and importance. However, what I lacked was a practical understanding on these core areas of Automotive Engineering. To gain a better understandi...