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Discuss victim precipitation theory
Discuss victim facilitation
Development of victimology
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Victimologists who study with the perspective of mental health/forensic psychology, would ask a question such as was the victim molested as a child? The victimologist would look closely into the background of the victim starting with their immediate family. He or she also looks into their behavior and how the operate. Victimologist with sociological perspective would ask a question such as where does this person live? What is their social class in society? When answering these questions victimologist would know how to associate the victim depending on their findings. For example this kid may steal and break in to homes because they come from the poor side of town and live with one parents who is always working to help provide a roof over their head. The offender feels the need to help out but do not know exactly how so they do it by the easiest way which is stealing from others. Victimologists with an anthropological perspective would ask what happened in the victims past that led to what …show more content…
An example of victim facilitation is leaving your keys in the car and someone steals it due to your carelessness. Victim precipitation is the interaction a victim may have had with an offender that contributes to the crime being committed. This theory is associated with rape homicide and robbery. An example of victim precipitation is a woman being offered a drink by a stranger and he later rapes her due to putting drugs in her drink. Victim provocation is when a person incites another person to commit and illegal act. In this case the offender is not responsible, because it happened due to provoking which led to the crime being committed. An example of this is a person asking another to rob a bank telling them they will get half of all the money that they take. This is provoking the person to commit the
At the Muncie police department victim advocacy, I have increased my ability of communication in a few different ways. The first way that I have increased my communication skills is in the writing area. The way that I have increased my writing skills is by writing briefs about the police reports that come in to the office. The police reports that come in the victim advocate officer are ones that deal with people who have been victimized (battery, domestic violence, or threats of harm). The reason why I write briefs about this is because they have to be put into a police outreach system where letters are sent out to the victim offering the services of the victim advocate office. These briefs have taught me to provide as much information as possible
This is often done through the use of language to direct focus away from the perpetrator of assault; in addition to accrediting rape to the victim, attributions of rape blame may be related to variables such as alcohol consumption, verbal and non-verbal miscommunication of sexual signals, and resistance (or lack thereof) used at the time of a sexual assault. This has the effect of complicating sexual assault analyses and blurring issues surrounding assault. For example, alcohol complicates discussions of consent and censure in rape trials; alcohol consumption by the perpetrator has a pardoning effect. Intoxicated perpetrators are held less responsible for their actions than sober perpetrators (Abbey et al., 2004). In this sense, perpetrators of sexual assault are able to “blame [their assault] on the a-a-alcohol”. Conversely, women who are sexually assaulted after having consumed alcohol are assessed from a victim-blaming perspective – a perspective that suggests that the woman caused her rape by suggesting her consent through her alcohol consumption (leading the man on). In
…many people now acquire "victimhood" through counseling. Being a "victim" draws sympathy. It explains the tragedies, the failures, the hardships, the health problems and the disappointments of life. It relieves people of some of life's natural burdens: dealing with complexity, facing things beyond their control, and accepting responsibility for decisions and actions.
Victimology is the scientific study of the physical, emotional, and financial harm people suffer from illegal activities. A common struggle Victimologists face is determining who the victim is. In general, crimes don 't have an “ideal victim”. The term ideal victims refer to someone who receives the most sympathy from society (Christie, 2016). An example of this would be a hardworking, honest man who on his way to work, had his wallet taken by force. Most people in society would have sympathy for him. He spent his life making an honest living to earn what he has and was a victim of a robbery. Victimologists study the interactions victims have with criminals, society, and the criminal justice system (Karmen, 2015). According to (Karmen, 2015)
The “greedy” types were easily mislead because of their greediness. The “wonton” type was vulnerable because of their neediness. The “tormentor” type ends up being attacked by the victim he or she abused. Hence, the tormentor gets attack and becomes the victim because of the retaliation by the person they were abusing. This is equivalent to the wife who was being abused by her husband subsequently kills her husband. Hentig typologies of likely victim pave the way for notion of victim precipitation. This is because his typologies highlight the fact that some victims may play a part in crime against themselves.
Rape and sexual violence is a very serious problem that affects millions of people each year. Rape is someone taking advantage of another person sexually. Sexual assault can be verbal, physical, visual, or anything that forces a person to join in unwanted sexual contact or attention. ("Sexual Assault.") Rape is one of the most underreported crimes. In 2002, only thirty-nine percent of rapes and sexual assaults were reported to law officials. ("Sexual Violence: Fact Sheet.") Victims sometimes do not report that they have raped because of shame or feeling that it was their fault. It is never the victim's fault. "Victim blaming" is holding the victim of a crime to be in a whole or in partly responsible for what had happened to them. Most victims believe this. ("Myths and Facts about Sexual Violence.")
...lity that the victim may actually be partly to blame for the crime that was committed against them. Therefore it is often the environment that the criminal lives in, and the people that around them that influence them into committing a criminal act.
How does the victim contribute to their victimization? Vulnerable relationships that consist of a victim that is in an unfamiliar place or is dependent on others especially their perpetrator are taken into consideration. Impacts of Victimization can be economic, abstract, non-economic damages such as an injury, disability, or other non-monetary subjective damages. Economic costs can strike an individual, family or society as a whole. Abstract damages do not necessarily have firm value but represent a loss of variety of expenses.
Introductions In this paper, I will discuss the victim role as it relates to the correctional system. Discussion A victim is defined as one who suffers directly or under the threat of harm that is either psychical, financial or psychological because of the direct act or attempt to commit a crime (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015). This definition is expanded to include even the family members of the criminal. It is important to realize that for a very long time, the rights of the victims or even their opinions have not been considered with most crimes being regarded as offenses against the state rather than the victim.
Before the beginning of this online course, I did not know anything about the victim movement. I had not even heard of it. The victim movement has radically changed a lot of things within the past few decades. It has changed in such a way that it has affected the self perceived idea of being a victim, crime around the world, and resources for victims. First of all, victimology has been a huge topic within the past few decades.
Victim precipitation is separated into two different categories: victim facilitation and victim provocation. Victim facilitation being instances where the victim "facilitated" the crime by creating the opportunity, such as: walking around late at night in dangerous areas, going to the ATM and withdrawing large amounts of money at unsafe times or places, getting intoxicated and diminishing one's own capacity to protect themselves. In all these cases someone is more easily a target or a victim because of a situation they put themselves in making it easier to be taken advantage of. Victim provocation is an even more active role in potential victimization. Provocation is when the victim overtly entices or antagonizes their perpetrator. This could again go along with intoxication when someone is provoking or pushing the buttons of someone else to the point that they provoke violence from the second party.
Assigning blame has become an increasingly difficult and complex concept to understand, especially in our legal court system. I associate blame with being held responsible for the consequences of one’s intentional actions. In regards to sexual assault cases, I think the blame should not be placed on the victims, but rather on the perpetrators. Victim blaming justifies the perpetrator’s actions, discourages sexual assault reportings, and can have psychological effects on the victim.
In so many ways there is a multitude of consequences of victimization. Victimization consequences can affect not only the victim and victimizer but also any person involved in their lives and even tax payers who end up paying the financial burdens that are connected to crimes and victims. We can divide these consequences into two broad categories, tangible and non tangible. We must understand that all of the “cost” of victimization are not financial, most are non-tangible and affect people to their core.
Having a connection with the offender is what can make it hard for the victim to desire punishment, which is why there are alternative methods of penance for offenders to make it up to the victim. Committing a crime will always result in punishment, but the type of punishment varies depending on the case and
A writer from Southernct stated a fact that “ men, women, and children of all ages, races, religions, and economic classes have been victims of sexual assault. Sexual assault occurs in rural areas, small towns, and larger cities” ( “Southernct” 1). We have all seen on the news a case where a female has been raped and somehow the world makes us believe that it was her own fault that it happened. This is due to victim blaming. Victim blaming occurs when the victim of some sort of crime or wrongdoing is held partially or fully responsible for what happened to them. It is not always easy to identify though. Some people would be considered to be victim blaming over every day situations in life. For example, someone making the