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Literature Review of cultural diversity
Essay in world cultural diversity
Literature Review of cultural diversity
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Concerning the contact hypothesis and the tourist-host contact illustrated above, majority of the possible outcome would be primarily negative in terms of attitudes, interactions, perceptions, values, and communication. As described in the scenario above, the culture of most Muslim countries are conservative thus creating a greater chance of conflict with tourist who originate from less conservative cultures. Tourist who arrive from less conservative cultures can be greeted by a tourist-host interaction that consist of culture clash. The host Muslim country may have difficulty understanding the differences of the tourist culture and may react negatively to the presence of a conflicting tourist culture.
The negative interactions stem from the
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The host culture may perceive the tourist with stereotypes and negative perceptions that is engrained in their own culture concerning the tourist culture. The host country may interact with tourist with a preconception concerning the tourist’s values, behavior, and attitudes. This may result in the host culture being communicating negatively based on the assumption that the tourist already has negative attitudes toward the host country. Concerning communication, the host culture may react negatively to tourist contact by changing their non-verbal and verbal communication techniques. In terms of pragmatics, semantics, kinesics, and proxemics, the host culture may choose to utilize unwelcoming body language, tone, words, or facial expression when communicating with …show more content…
Communication may be negative due to the language barrier. The host culture may have a different language than the tourist culture and may not be familiar with the tourist language. This can result in negativity due to frustration from limited chances to communicate. The language barrier may also extend to nonverbal language and aspects such as body language, tone, and facial expressions may differ enough to create a negative communication for the tourist culture.
Concerning perceptions, the tourist culture may believe that the Muslim culture is not conservative, but instead oppressive, and might react to the host-culture with anger. The tourist culture may view the host culture’s values as immoral or wrong due to the conservative nature. The tourist may then develop a negative attitude and view the host culture as victims. Aspects of Muslim culture such as burkas, and no alcohol may be viewed as the tools of oppression to the tourist. This may result in inter-cultural that are then patronizing or political in
Vargas-Sánchez, A., Porras-Bueno, N., Plaza-Mejía, M. 2011. Explaining Residents’ Attitudes to Tourism: Is a Universal Model Possible?, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol 38, Issue 2, pp. 460-80.
On one visit throughout my community and common environment I was able to observe three separate groups. Within this paper I will describe each group individually provide detailed information regarding body language of the group individually.
The difference in languages can cause different perceptions of various cultures leading to distinctions or possible clashes. When I lived in France I faced some of the problems a language barrier can cause. The most common and at the same time most irritating problem of language is the inability to translate word for word as some words just don’t have a direct translation into another language. These are normally colloquialisms for example “up the apples and pears” does not translate into “monter les pommes et les poires.” This would cause people to look at you in a very strange manner wondering what on earth you were talking about and it’s not only verbal language which creates different perceptions of people. Body language, such as hand movements and voice intonation can determine or change someone’s perception of a culture. The following paragraphs will illustrate the way language can be misconstrued.
When communicating, only a small percent of the exchange is verbal. The larger part of the message is made up of body language or movements, known as nonverbal communication. The reason for people using nonverbal communication is to enhance the message they are sending to the receiver. One way nonverbal communication differs is through cultural differences. Cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication as cultures differ greatly in their nonverbal interpretations and responses. Firstly, this essay will prove how kinesics can create barriers between people as types of nonverbal cues differ amongst cultures. It will then show that paralinguistics can be based on cultural expectations and this can create stereotyping in cross-cultural communication. Turning to haptics, it will then show that different perspectives on haptics can cause problems in a cross-cultural context. Finally, it will prove that because of different cultural norms, the use of proxemics can be misinterpreted, therefore proving that cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication.
The world, as of the 21st century, is increasingly becoming an interconnected, interrelated social place in which avoidance of human interaction is near impossible. From telephone calls to advertising billboards, communication is ubiquitous. Communication essentially refers to the generation and receiving of messages across a variety of contexts, channels, media, and cultures. This complex interaction is composed of both verbal and non-verbal interactions. Verbal language is defined as the use of sounds and language to communicate a message and thus accents, dialects, and languages all fall under this “verbal code.” Its counterpart, non-verbal language, is communication through a host of nonlinguistic methods, including physical appearance, kinesics, and olfactics.
Culture has always been a driving force in understanding nonverbal communication as nonverbal communication is highly influenced by the cultural differences as the context of the culture defines how the communication/message is interpreted in certain cultures. “Communication occurs within a context but the context is particularly important in relation to non-verbal communication” (Tyler, Kossen & Ryan, 2005, p.185). Culture defines the messages perceived by the non-verbal communication. For instance, proxemics. “Proxemics refers to the spatial relationship or how we use space.” (Tyler, Kossen & Ryan, 2005, p.190) Culture plays an important role in defining the use of one’s personal space in the nonverbal communication process. For example, in North America people usually remain at a distance from one another when talking while Latin American people stay very close when talking. (Wood, 2009). This defines the use of the privacy or personal space in two different cultures. H...
When individuals or groups from different cultures communicate, this process is called intercultural communication. The transaction process of listening and responding to people from different cultural backgrounds can be challenging. The greater the difference in culture between two people, the greater the potential of misunderstanding and mistrust. Misunderstanding and miscommunication occur between people from different cultures because of different coding rules and cultural norms, which play a major role in shaping the patterns of interaction (Jandt, 2012).
The opportunity for universal application of the Communication Accommodation Theory gives the field of Communication Studies a method of objectively analyzing conversational strategies and motivations both of which are considered to be overwhelmingly subjective. The ways in which communicators of different cultures perceive one and other [as individuals or members of a group] varies greatly even in a two-person interaction. The number of cultural identifications one certain individual might possess may be numerous, and already makes structured analysis of their communication choices in an interaction difficult. By guiding the process of conducting research with CAT, researchers are able to analyze the communication behaviors of any set of cultural communicat...
Everything we do in our life involves communication because it is a way for a sender to send message to the receiver by verbal and non-verbal communication. However, in some parts of the world messages that are delivered sometimes are not received in a way it is supposed to. A way to solve this is by using competent communicator and intercultural communication because it makes it easier for people from other cultures to communicate in general. On the other hand, there are also some problems faced because different cultures have different ways to express their way of communication. By understanding these types of communication and by defining them may solve this dilemma. In addition to that, there are also types of communication to consider that are commonly used, which is Proxemics, Gestures and body language.
Another negative effect is the merging and interaction between cultures. When those cultures become globalized, their chances of facing loss of tradition and culture will be extremely high. The ones that are most likely to b...
Today the world we live in is “a global village” where no nation, group or culture can remain anonymous (Samovar & Porter, 1991). What happens in one part of the world affects all parts of the world. As the world is becoming smaller, we are increasingly interacting with people from many different cultures. While modern technology has made it easier for us to communicate with people anywhere in the world, such interactions can be difficult if we do not know how to deal with people and cultures different from our own. Here are examples of some of the obvious mistakes politicians and businesses have made when it comes to dealing with other languages cultures:
Markets having culturally different backgrounds are the future. Since there will be people from Eastern Europe and Asia who speak different languages to understand the customers, this will be the key to success as understanding diversity becomes easy. THE INFLUENECE OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON TOURISM INDUSTRY Today the world economy is interdependent. Similarly, the tourism industry is also world based. The companies operating in global tourism have employees from different cultures, languages, ethics and values.
Out of all the places visited they were denied at only one but when asked through a letter, 91% of the places said that they would not accept them as guests or customers (McLeod). Lapiere was curious and prove his theory that one’s attitude is not always responsible for their beha...
Many people who go to visit or work in another country suffer some misunderstanding from the local people, because they have a different culture. Different culture will cause disparity points of view about almost everything. In the article, Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by Laray M. Barna, there are five stumbling blocks mentioned that are seen in a cross-culture communication. These blocks are: language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate and high anxiety. Barna wants to use these stumbling blocks to show the common blockades between different cultures. I agree with what she thinks about the language, nonverbal signs and symbols, preconceptions and stereotypes, and the tendency
Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects, intercultural communication can be the cause of conflict and disorder. There are three main issues which are at the root of the problem of intercultural miscommunication : language as a barrier, cultural diversity and ethnocentrism. I will analyze these three notions in situations in which intercultural communication is frequent such as : the workplace, the classroom and vacation trips.