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History of cinematography
Short essay on the history of film
The history of motion pictures
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Recommended: History of cinematography
After reading the article “The Myth of Total Cinema” by Andre Bazin, it opens the discussion of the origins of cinema whether to consider the economic and technical evolution impacted inventor’s imagination causing fortunate accidents that created a phenomenon in cinema. However, this leads inventors to compete with each other over techniques of bringing their imagination to reality but, all agreed that cinema needed to be transparent, flexible, and have a resistant base that was capable of capturing an image instantly. Following this further, Bazin argued “In their imaginations they saw the cinema as total and complete representation of reality; they saw in a trice the reconstruction of a perfect illusion of the outside world in sound, color,
Describe some ways in which business values and artistic values in Hollywood contend with one another.
Cinema has been represented in numerous ways, however classical Hollywood cinema truly had an independent grasp since its debut in the 1910’s. The style created by the large producers of the time including Warner Brothers, MGM, RKO, Fox and Paramount shaped the genre not only during its birth but also through its Golden Age and into the present. As a style it has many characteristics that make it unique and poplar among viewers. The most salient of these aspects is the classical films plot structure and construction; unlike other styles including the art film the classical film creates a consistent and coherent plot for its viewers as David Bordwell states in his article, The Art Cinema as a Mode of Film Practice “The view...
Gray, Hugh. What is Cinema? selected and translated from the first two volumes of Qu'est ce que le cinéma? . Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.
The concept of ‘cinema of attractions’ encompasses the development of early cinema, its technology, industry and cultural context. The explanation of how it is perceived by early cinema audiences is closely related to the effects of history at that time. How Gunning coined the term ‘cinema of attractions’ pertains to the history of the film industry at the turn of the 20th century and his interpretation of the audience and their reaction film technology. Single shots, the process of creating a moving picture and the juxtaposition of limited techniques, coupled with a new invention of showing a moving picture.
Even though the still picture and the theatrical play also give the spectator either a visual or an aural image, a motion picture is the one that stimulates the spectator’s senses with its story, color, sound, acting, filming, and editing. Based on Munsterberg’s film theory, what makes a motion picture so distinct from other mediums is that it has several characteristic processes of attention, memory, imagination, emotion, and unity. In the book The Major Film Theories, he says that “Munsterburg had a hierarchic notion of the mind; that is, he felt it was comprised of several levels. Each level evolves chaos of undistinguished stimuli by a veritable act, virtually creating the world of objects, events, and emotions that each of us live in” (Andrew 18).... ...
As time and people are continually changing, so is knowledge and information; and in the film industry there are inevitable technological advances necessary to keep the attraction of the public. It is through graphic effects, sounds and visual recordings that all individuals see how we have evolved to present day digital technology; and it is because of the efforts and ideas of the first and latest great innovators of the twentieth century that we have advanced in film and computers.
Bazin, Andre. What is Cinema? Vol. II (Translated by Hugh Gray). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.
In the beginning, when film was still an emerging form of technology, expression of artistic ideas was not a main concern for filmmakers. In the 1890’s, Auguste Marie Louis Nicolas and Louis Jean Lumière, famously known as the Lumière Brothers, invented the Cinematograph. This invention was the first film camera. It also doubled as a projector. The Brothers immediately began recording short films of everyday life. One of their first films was titled “Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory”. With a storyline as simple as its title, the 46-second film only showed various men and women leaving their work place. In 1895 though, the Lumières presented eight short films to an audience in Paris (The History of Cinematography). This marked the first time in history an audience paid to see a film. While the Lumière Brothers worked to push film in Europe, Thomas Armat and C. Francis Jenkins had their first film screening in Manhattan. Audiences thought that the occurrences in the film were incredibly realistic. So much so that a reporter wrote, “The second film represented the breaking of waves on the seashore. Wave after wave came tumbling on the sand, and as they struck, broke into tiny floods just like the real thing. Some people in the front row seemed to be afraid they were going to get wet, and looked to see where th...
Beginning as a novelty in a handful of big cities like New York, Paris, London and Berlin (Nowell-Smith, 1997). This new form of entertainment soon gained a lot of attention from the audience and more people became interested in watching films, which was merely moving images on a screen without any form of narration or dialogue. The more sizably voluminous number of the audience showed interest, which resulted in a trend. Over the years, cinema has transformed a lot from moving images to the 3D and 4D cinema, which are being made
Classic narrative cinema is what Bordwell, Staiger and Thompson (The classic Hollywood Cinema, Columbia University press 1985) 1, calls “an excessively obvious cinema”1 in which cinematic style serves to explain and not to obscure the narrative. In this way it is made up of motivated events that lead the spectator to its inevitable conclusion. It causes the spectator to have an emotional investment in this conclusion coming to pass which in turn makes the predictable the most desirable outcome. The films are structured to create an atmosphere of verisimilitude, which is to give a perception of reality. On closer inspection it they are often far from realistic in a social sense but possibly portray a realism desired by the patriarchal and family value orientated society of the time. I feel that it is often the black and white representation of good and evil that creates such an atmosphere of predic...
Cinema and theater have always been two contrasting methods in displaying art. Each medium has its own backing as there are advantages in using one over the other. As technology progressed, film became more accessible and easier to produce, making it more popular with people of recent generations. Cinema depends on the camera perspective and editing of the film, meaning that film is basically “limitless” as editors can add countless special effects to improve the film overall, rather than put all of the attention on the actors. In her essay, “Styles of Radical Will, filmmaker Susan Sontag, notes that “because camera can be used to project a relatively, passive, unselective kind of vision- as well as the highly selective (“edited”) vision generally associated with movies- cinema is a medium as well as an art, in the sense that it can encapsulate any of the performing arts and render it in a film transcription.”
American film industry has progressed for nearly two hundred years with a huge success. According to IMDB, the Hollywood production grosses billions of dollars every single year and holds about sixty percent of global box office. It all started with the Kinetoscope (the oldest videotaping machine) invented by Thomas Edison which made American film industry developed quickly and steadily during the 20th century. Nowadays, new improvement on the equipment and conjunction with computerized graphics and advancing technology make movie production more realistic and fascinating. Among them, the 3D technology especially broadens the scope of film industry and covers every aspect of human imagination and thoughts to capture the audiences. Producers produce films based on real life in order to entertain audiences to resonate with films so that films can behave well on box office. It is good to have a variety of movies facing different interests of the society, but the pop culture affected by the film industry also influenced the society about “beauty, glamour, femininity, masculinity, and America 's role in the world” (Mintz 1). Thus, the film industry who at first trying to entertain the audiences, starts to express vivid ideas of every aspect of the society to the audiences.
We love cinema, no matter how much the formats, audiences, and distributions may have changed, Cinematographers have been telling stories in motion ever since the Lumiere Brothers first brought us this gift of Cinematography. There were many great thinkers who have attempted to explain our connection with this glorious field. They said that movies are dreams, and that they are windows into the world and the lives that are not our own but they
CINEMA AS A MEDIUM OF COMMUNICATION Cinema can be taken to mean very different things at different times — a physical space (“I am going to the cinema.”), a medium of entertainment (“Casablanca is a cinema masterpiece!”), or even an entire industry with all the connections and entanglements that entails (“I am studying Bollywood cinema.”). The question of when cinema began has both a simple and a complex answer. The “simple” answer often given is that cinema began in 1895, with the demonstration of an invention by two French brothers, the Lumières, of a machine that could both “capture” and project moving pictures. Another way of looking at cinema is that it was the convergence of several long-term processes, such as: the appeal of visual stimulation for humans; an awareness of certain peculiarities of vision; a nineteenth-century interest in technology, machinery, and spectacle; and some financial acumen by specific individuals. While some aspects of the precursors to cinema are fairly well acknowledged (for instance the relationship of photography to cinema), it is interesting also to think about what elements leading to the development of the cinema are overlooked.
What is Cinema? Cinema can be taken to mean very different things at different times —a physical space (“I am going to the cinema.”), a medium of entertainment (“Casablanca is a cinema masterpiece!”), or even an entire industry with all the connections and entanglements that entails (“I am studying Bollywood cinema.”). (Gordon Gray, x) Although, in this paper cinema will not be referred to as one of these in particular, but in general, the different meanings will be selected to portray different aspects of cinema, both new and old.