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Douglas McGregor theories and its implications
Douglas McGregor theories and its implications
Difference between classical and modern management theory
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Theory X and Theory Y, developed by Douglas McGregor, grew out of opposition towards classical management methods. Classical management theorists, such as Fredrick Taylor, focused on scientific training and efficiency and did not account for personal and behavioral issues, such as management styles or job satisfaction. McGregor saw these deficiencies in the classical school of management which lead him to develop a theory of management that would factor the importance of the individual worker. If a manager could tap into the feelings and attitudes of their workers, then the manager would be able increase their employee’s motivation which would then increase production. McGregor’s theory viewed the employee as a person and not as a machine as classical theorists did, and because the employee will receive more personal attention, he/she will become more satisfied with his/her own work, and according to McGregor, production would then be increased (Barnett).
McGregor developed his theory and published it in his book “The Human Side of Enterprise” in 1960 where he stated that classical theorists viewed employees as essentially having negative attitudes towards their jobs; this negative attitude was the basis for McGregor’s Theory X behaviors. Theory X had three main assumptions about workers and managers. First, McGregor suggested that employees dislike work and will avoid working whenever possible. Next, because workers dislike doing work, manager and supervisors must force them to work with the threat of punishment. The worker will then perform the duties with moderate effort which will barely drag the organization towards the pursuit of its goals. Finally, McGregor states that workers would play a passive role within the organizat...
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...ok at the elements of a good theory when criticizing McGregor’s theory X and Y. They will illustrate why the theory is valid and determine what value the theory may have in practice. There are a number of elements to a good theory and determining how they apply to McGregor’s Theory of X and Y will give us a better understanding of the theories usefulness to organizations in the present and future.
McGregor’s theory certainly has face validity because the theory is logical. There are clearly managers that identify with the approaches outlined by theory X and Y. Both styles have advantages and disadvantages but it is pretty much universally agreed that both make sense at the very least. Considering that this theory has been around for fifty years and is still used in courses of all levels it definitely has value when it comes to teaching about management styles.
What role, if any, does McGregor's Theory Y play at Whole Foods? Explain McGregor has written two theories about human nature. Theory X basically assumes that people will do the least amount of work required of them. That they will need to be monitored and workers will need a set of rules for every employee to follow .
Taylorism is a system that was designed in the late 19th century, not only to maximise managerial control, but to also expand the levels of efficiency throughout workplaces. With this being said, productivity levels increased and fair wage distribution was the main result. However, with other, more recent theories and systems, such as Maslow and Herzburg’s theories, these helped to focus on the satisfaction and motivation of the workers rather than the concern of managerial control and empowerment. Fredrick W. Taylor ended up developing 4 main principles to help increase the work efficiency and productivity in workplaces; these will be discussed later on. Other theories relating to this include, Fayol, Follett, Management Science Theory as well as Organisational-Environmental Theory. All theories listed have an influence on the way businesses work effectively and put their skills to action. This essay will highlight how Taylorism was designed to maximise managerial control and increase productivity, furthermore, showing how more recent theories were developed to focus on empowering employees and to extend the use of organisational resources.
This study will also identify the theories that will help answer these and other questions. In addition, this research will determine methods in which these theories can motivate the employees.
My personal approach to counseling comes from several different theoretical frameworks. Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) has the most influence in what I would consider my personal approach. I truly believe that the way an individual feels about themselves will impact them more than anything else. When an individual feels that they are not good enough then they will continue to struggle in all aspects of their life. Thoughts affect our feelings and our behaviors; therefore, if you are able to change an individual’s negative thinking then you are able to change their feelings and behaviors. Therapists must be able to challenge an individual’s irrational beliefs about themselves and work to change these to more rational thinking. Studies have shown that individuals who are trying to lose weight will have more success if they just believe that they are capable of losing the weight. Just their positive thinking can enhance their personal diet and exercise. REBT will have the greatest impact when working with clients in my personal theory but I will also take many aspects from other theories as well.
Theories create a difference in health care. “In nursing, theories are systematic explanations of events in which constructs and concepts are identified; relationships are proposed; and predictions are made to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe practice and research. Without nursing theory, nursing activities and interventions are guided by rote, tradition, some outside authority, or hunches, or they may simply be random” (McEwen, & Wills, 2014, 72). The foundation of nursing profession is rooted in theory. Through theory, nursing has emerged as independent, self-directed practicing profession leading to innovations and evidence-based practice. The idea of nursing theories stems from the extensive work of Florence Nightingale whose belief and values lied in cleanliness, fresh air, sanitation, comfort, and socialization that is necessary to healing (McEwen & Wills, 2014). Each of the key nursing theorists who have contributed to the excellence of professional nursing practice adopts the four key concepts that are essential to the practice of nursing: person, environment, health and nursing (Hood, 2010). This paper aims at identifying the importance of theory in relation to Sister Callista Roy and her adaptation model.
However, these key points also have influence on Ryanair, which can come across as disadvantages. When we look at Frederick Taylor’s theory, we can see that the similarities to Douglas McGregor’s theory X are mainly with the employees being unsatisfied with working. This comes across as a weakness because if the employees are unhappy with work they can be de-motivated to work and will not complete tasks as told to. This may have an impact on Ryanair because it may occur with a decrease in staff turnover.
In the article entitled “The Human Side of Enterprise” by Douglas Murray McGregor , McGregor stated that industry has fundamental know how to utilize physical and technology science. The conventional view of management consisted of three propositions which are called Theory X (Shafritz & Hyde,2012).
Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Biography of Douglas McGregor Douglas McGregor was born on 1906 in Detroit, America. In 1895, it was here that his grandfather, Thomas McGregor started his business and given its name as, McGregor Institute. The business provides assistance to Great Lakes sailors and other transient labour. The Institute provided shelter, warmth and food to approximately 100 men every year. When Thomas McGregor passed away, his son Murray McGregor (Douglas’s father) continued to manage the business.
Miles, R. (1975) Theories of Management: Implications for Organisational Behaviour and Development. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Holloman, C. (1974), “What McGregor Really Said”, Business Horizons, Vol. 78, No. 1, pp. 17 Issue 6, p. 87 – 92. Karlöf, B. & Lövingsson, H. (2005), The A to Z of Management Concepts and Models, Thorogood, London. Kermally, S. (2005), Gurus in People Management, Thorogood, Sydney.
The founding father of scientific management theory is Fredrick Winslow Taylor. He was an American mechanical engineer and an inventor. Modern management theorist Edward Deming credited Taylor for his contributions while Joseph Juran criticized his work for extracting more work from workers. However a careful reading of Taylor’s work will disclose that he placed workers interest as high as the employer’s in his studies. Before the principles of management are discussed it is very important to understand the causes which led Taylor to derive the four principles of management. The three causes are as follows:
There are several theories that examine an organization and it’s approach to managing work in an effort to develop efficiency and increase production. Two classical approaches to management are Taylor’s scientific management theory and Weber's bureaucratic management theory. Both men are considered pioneers of in the study of management.
Hawthorne Studies have been subjected to many criticisms. Yet, the evolvement of many of the management theories today would not have come about without the experiments done by Elton Mayo. This essay will cover the various aspects of management that has been refined through the findings of the tests conducted and how improvements were made to aid in the development of organisational behaviour. It will also discuss the various studies and will show how these theories implement Hawthorne studies as the foundation and the basis of the human relations movement. It will also investigate the criticisms that arise within it.
Thompson, P & Mchugh, D 2002, Work organisations: A critical introduction, 3rd edn, MacMillan Palgrave, New York, viewed 4 April 2014, http://site.ebrary.com.ezproxy.uow.edu.au/lib/uow/docDetail.action?docID=10038997&p00=organisational+behaviour.
Other than that, modern management view too criticise that Functional Theory is only effective during the time of stable and predictable environment. In today’s chaotic environment, managers have to consider democracy as one of the management element. Managers have to be more careful on human behaviour and when necessary provides motivations and persuasion in order to get the work