Moisture Content
Moisture content = Weight of water / Weight of dry sample or w = [(W_(tin+soil )- W_(tin+dry soil))/(W_(tin+dry soil) - W_tin )] x 100 7.1 Average moisture content of specimen, w w = (wt + wm + wb)/3 7.2 The dry unit weight of the specimen can be calculated as follows: Let weight of empty mold = W Weight of mold and compacted soil = W1 Volume of mold, V = 1/30 ft3 (1000cc) Water content of compacted soil = w Moist Unit weight of compacted soil = W1- W = 7.3 V Dry unit weight or dry density, d =
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The coordinates of the peak of the curve give the maximum dry density and the optimum moisture content.
(c) Determine the optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of the soil from the curve (γd(max) and wopt).
7.5 The Zero Air Voids Line
The zero air voids (ZAV) line is the combination of moisture and density that produce complete saturation of the soil or the γd obtained when there is no air in the void spaces. The compaction curve theoretically does not cross this line but becomes parallel to it. Remember that the values of water content, wet unit weight, and specific gravity are not constant throughout the soil. There could also be variability in the test results. Variability can result in points on the compaction curve above the ZAV line (S > 100%). These data points should not be thrown out.
Basic weight volume relationships are used to develop the equation for the ZAV line. Recall that:
7.6
Since S = 1 when the saturation is equal to 100 percent, the relationship: Gsw=e can be substituted into the above equation (7.6) to yield the final equation for the ZAV line:
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Observations
Data and observation sheet for Compaction Test
Performed for __________________ Location __________________________ Project ________________________ Job No. ___________________________ Boring No. ______________ Sample No. _____________ Depth _________ Description of soil _________________________________________________________ Performed by __________________________ Date of Test ________________________
Test Performed in accordance with ________________________________________
a. Cylinder diameter = 10.2 cm b. Height of cylinder = 11.6 cm
c. Height of rammer fall = 30 cm d. Volume of cylinder = 944 cc
e. Weight of cylinder = W gm
Density Determination No. 1 2 3 4 5
Dry Unit Weight Determination
Weight of cylinder/ mold empty, gm
Weight of cylinder + compacted soil
Weight of compacted soil (gm)
Average moisture content (percent)
Wet density(gm /cc)
Dry density
6. A small stream flowing at a rate of 8 liters per second has a vertical drop of 1.5 m. What is the maximum power that you can obtain from this stream? (1 liter of water has a mass of 1 kg).
Are these water loss values (in 7c) of any use in predicting how much water Darlene might have lost per day? Justify your answer.
So now that we have the desired answer and know what the formula is, we just need to know what it means and why it works. So
What Shakespeare might call the fatal flaw of Fischer’s expedition seemed to be a collective lack of humility amongst his team, stemming of course from the top with Fischer himself, the “face” of the organization. Fischer was an ambitious man who was desperate to earn the respect of his peers, and came across as nothing short of overconfident when he was quoted in Krakauer's Into Thin Air as saying, "Experience is overrated. […] We've got the big E figured out, we've got it totally wired. […] (W)e've built a yellow brick road to the summit." (pp. 85-86) Even Fischer's experienced guide, Anatoli Boukreev, was not immune from pride, opting to make the climb without the use of supplemental oxygen, a decision that was not only completely unnecessary, but arguably ended up costing the lives of members of his team at the summit. Indeed, as Krakauer noted, there was a palpable lack of a team dynamic, a result of the Attraction-Selection-Attrition Theory; the team felt more like a bunch of individuals, all "in it for himself or herself." (Krakauer, p. 213) In a life or death situation, having a strong team dynamic is more important than ever. But Fischer was more interested in the parts, than the whole. As part of Fischer's ambition, he had made an effort to recruit high-profile clients, including a New York socialite who wrote for Allure magazine, and Krakauer himself, who could lend the expedition some heavy publicity, but brought very little by way of experience when it came to summiting a mountain as extreme as Everest.
This curve is due to the fact that during the process the pores are not all clogged uniformly. Some are clogged while others are still open for the flux. The left pores which are still open exhibit high flux which leads to their clogging and fouling faster than the initial ones this symbolizes the sharp increase in the curve over time, leading to the complete closing of the membrane.
Study the method for constructing a topographic profile in Figure 6-4. Using this approach, construct a topographic profile on Figure 6-6. Before completing the profile,
Figure 1. Saussure, F. (1983) Saussure Model, [diagram] At: http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem02.html accessed on 07 November 2017
This is because the water molecules pass from a low concentration to a high concentration, (in the potato chip). Therefore, the chips in low concentrations will gain mass and have a greater length height than in higher concentrations such as 1molar of sugar solution. If there is no gain or loss in height or mass then these will be the isotonic points of the potato cells. The isotonic point is where the cells are not increasing or decreasing in size and is known to be in a state of equilibrium. Apparatus: 1.
Before beginning the experiment observe and record the physical appearance of all the chemicals used in the experiment. First write a balanced chemical equation that has Zinc iodide as product when Barium iodide and zinc sulfate are used. To begin today’s lab, weigh a small test tube on a scale that goes to the hundredths place. Using a clean spatula add .45 g + .03 grams of zinc sulfate heptahydrate (.25 g + .03 grams if zinc sulfate is used) into the small test tube. Dissolve the sample in 2 mL of deionized water. Make sure al of the powder is mixed with the water, stopper the test tube and shake for about 1 to 1 ½ minutes to dissolve. Let the test tube stand and weigh another small test tube. Depending on what is being used, .61 g +.03
The initial values used for the parameters were: r1= r2=0,1 ; N1=N2= 50 ; K1=K2= 100 ; α12= 0,5 ; α21= 0
In this experiment there were three different equations used and they were, The Net Ionic Equation, Calculating the percent of copper, and the last one was a mathematical formula that represents the relationship between theoretical percent copper of a particular compound and its formula weight (Lab Manual 61). The last equation was changed in order to find the fwt, so I will provide the edited equation also.
In experiment 5, we are learning about density and specific gravity in measurements. Density is measured by mass divided by volume in order to get the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume. Specific gravity, on the other hand, is the density of a substance divided by the density of water and will cancel out the units in order to get a unitless measurement. Mass and Volume can be measured in two different ways, first mass can be calculated by directly placing it on the triple beam scale directly, or by weighing the difference. Volume can be calculated by displacement in the graduated cylinder or by calculating its dimensions. In this experiment, the objectives were to calculate the density of a solid by measuring its mass and volume,
In the graph, it is the linear supply curve coming from the origin = Unit elasticity
History of drying and wetting: soil suction is less during wetting time than it is during drying time.
Certain conditions can cause the line on the hydrograph to be tall and thin and other conditions can cause it to be short and wide. Peak discharge is the term used to describe the maximum amount of discharge from the river over the period of time recorded; this peak discharge can be high or low depending on a lot of conditions. Climatic factors are the most obvious conditions that can affect the flood hydrograph. If the precipitation is very intense and there is a lot of it then the hydrograph is likely to have a high peak discharge where as if the precipitation is low-intensity and there is a small amount then the graph will have a gentle ascending limb. [IMAGE][IMAGE]The ascending limb is the first part of the line on a hydrograph that rises to the peak discharge.