A Flood Hydrograph and the Factors That Affect its Form
A flood hydrograph is a graph of two axis, 'discharge' and 'time'.
Plotted on the graph is the amount of discharge over a period of time.
By looking at a hydrograph, a lot of information and data can be
gathered about the river, the precipitation, the surrounding area and
vegetation etc. The gradient, height and length of a line can tell you
a lot of this information.
There are many different factors that can affect the appearance and
shape of a hydrograph. Certain conditions can cause the line on the
hydrograph to be tall and thin and other conditions can cause it to be
short and wide.
Peak discharge is the term used to describe the maximum amount of
discharge from the river over the period of time recorded; this peak
discharge can be high or low depending on a lot of conditions.
Climatic factors are the most obvious conditions that can affect the
flood hydrograph. If the precipitation is very intense and there is a
lot of it then the hydrograph is likely to have a high peak discharge
where as if the precipitation is low-intensity and there is a small
amount then the graph will have a gentle ascending limb.
[IMAGE][IMAGE]The ascending limb is the first part of the line on a
hydrograph that rises to the peak discharge. If the gradient is steep
(like the example on the right) then this can indicate that the amount
of rainfall becoming overland flow is very high, the result of this is
that all the water reaches the river very quickly and all in a short
period of time, this gives the immediate steep ascending limb on the
hydrograph.
Reasons for large amounts of rainfall becoming overland flow can be
little vegetation and maybe impermeable rock below the surface. Being
impermeable rock, the water cannot infiltrate through this and become
ground water, instead it flows over the ground to the river. Urban
development and agricultural practices contribute to overland flow.
Case study: the flooding that occurred in Minden Hills in the spring of 2013, flooded the downtown core. The picturesque cottage town has the Gull River flowing through it. The river overflowed in April because of many reasons: a couple of days of rain, the third largest amount in over a century, but it also happened because the frost in the ground stopped the water from going into the Earth, the lakes and rivers being full from the spring thaw, and the rapid
Did you know that there are generally twice as many juvenile offenders than there are adult offenders in Australia (Australian Institute of Criminology 2015)? Juveniles are said to be more illiterate than the general population, but are there statistics to show this? Many have done research on why there is such a high rate of illiteracy in the criminal justice system, and what affects children as they begin to learn skills that are important in the development of literacy. In this essay I will be talking about what kind of proof there is that juveniles have a higher rate of illiteracy than the general population. It is important to understand why juveniles struggle with literacy in the first place, as these reasons may begin to show us ways
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