BI 106-04
Professor Litch Gray
November 18, 2016
Case Study 11
4. Assuming that Darlene did NOT have access to water during her entrapment, how would her body begin to lose water? What are the specific avenues of water loss?
Her brain would begin to sense the need for water and she would get dehydrated. Within days of no water, Darlene’s body would have stopped producing urine. Her body would begin to lose water through breathing, sweating and urination. Once urination stopped, mainly sweating is how she is losing water.
5. How might the body immediately begin to reduce those avenues of water loss in Question #4? What important physiological reflexes would minimize the rate of water loss from those specific avenues?
The body might begin
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Are these water loss values (in 7c) of any use in predicting how much water Darlene might have lost per day? Justify your answer.
These water loss values are of use in predicting how much water Darlene might have lost per day because since she survived 15 days she must have been losing water at an extremely slow rate. Even with the absolute minimum water loss, she would not have survived past day 5.
e. The absolute bare minimum water loss possible for humans, with all compensating mechanisms in force, is about 1.2–1.4 L/day (approximately 6 cups of liquid). How many days could Darlene survive at this rate of water loss? Record your answer in the table below.
f. At the absolute minimal rate of water loss (7e) and maximal tolerance of dehydration (20% of total body water from 7b), how many days without water could Darlene survive? Record your answer in the table below.
g. Now, based on these calculations, could Darlene have survived 15 days without water? Explain the basis for your answer.
Based on these calculations, Darlene should not have survived the 15 days without water. It is a miracle that she was not dead when she was found. Based on the calculations of absolute minimum water loss possible in humans, Darlene shouldn’t have survived past 5
First, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder. This water was then poured into the styrofoam cup that will be used to gather the hot water later. The water level was then marked using a pen on the inside of the cup. The water was then dumped out, and the cup was dried. Next, 100 mL of regular deionized water was measured using a 100 mL graduated cylinder, and the fish tank thermometer was placed in the water. Once the temperature was stabilizing in the graduated cylinder, the marked styrofoam cup was filled to the mark with hot water. Quickly, the temperature of the regular water was recorded immediately before it was poured into the styrofoam cup. The regular/hot water was mixed for a couple seconds, and the fish tank thermometer was then submerged into the water. After approximately 30 seconds, the temperature of the mixture leveled out, and was recorded. This was repeated three
* pH of Solution: Water has pH of 7 at 25°C. As the pH decreases,
When the cell has all the water it can take inside of it the osmosis
Hydrating is very important to your body's ability to function. Your body must intake water as we constantly let off water as said i pg 1 of ‘Strange but True: Drinking Too Much Water Can Kill’ it states “At every moment water escapes the body through sweat, urination, defecation or exhaled breath, among other routes.” As it's been told that water is good for you and needed no one has ever thought of actually being able to overdue it. When you take in water your kidney stores up to a gallon of water so as to keep you hydrated. In the article mentioned previously it also states in pg 10, “every hour a healthy kidney at rest can excrete 800 to 1,000 milliliters … therefore a person can drink up to 800 to 1,000 milliliters per hour without experiencing a net gain in water”. Therefore your body is built
Compare the different groups who drank 7.5ml of fluid for each kg of body weight. Which group had the highest average urine production rate? Why?
Everyday the average American family uses about 400 gallons of water a day. In some countries, the average family is lucky if they can even get enough to fill up a glass. In Linda Sue Park’s A Long Walk to Water, we hear the story of a boy in Sudan, named Salva in search of water and refuge. Salva shows that he is a survivor by making it through challenges like, dangerous animals, loss of loved ones, and mother nature. This story takes place during a war in sudan. It forces Salva to leave home and go on a journey with a group of people that he’s never met before.
Dehydration can happen at any age and from a variety of primary causes including diarrhea, vomiting, use of diuretics, exercise, and exposure to extreme heat. The body has compensatory mechanisms to balance mild dehydration or fluid deficit of 2-4%; however, moderate fluid deficit of 5-8% can lead to electrolyte imbalances, postural hypotension, and dryness in skin and mucous membranes (Porth, 2011). In severe dehydration, or fluid deficits greater than 8% severe hypotension and shock can occur (Porth, 2011). The circulatory system has its own compensatory mechanisms for fluid volume deficits. These include changes in cardiac output, heart rate, and blood pressure.
from the work surface, if any. Our results are set out below. Time (mins) : 0 - Height from bench (cm) -.. Temperature reached (d. c.). Water Volume (cm cubed).
This hypothesis was supported by the data found because 2 out of the 3 trials done, tap water evaporated the most over the 5 day period. For the first trial, saltwater lost 96 grams, stream water lost 98 grams, and tap water lost 100 grams. For the second trial, saltwater lost 67 grams, stream water lost 70 grams, and tap water lost 69 grams. For the third and final trial, saltwater lost 71 grams, stream water lost 72 grams, and tap water
Dehydration is when a person loses more fluids than he or she takes in. This usually occurs when a person sweats during a physical activity such as sports or working outside when it is hot. When a person sweats, it is the body's way of cooling down.
Sweating and Heat Loss Investigation Aim To find out whether heat is lost faster over a sweaty body compared to a dry body. Apparatus 2 Boiling tubes 47ml max 2 Measuring jug 50ml max A Beaker 250ml max 2 thermometers Paper towels A kettle to boil water A stopwatch 2 magnifying glasses (8x) 2 corks with a small hole through the centre A test tube rack Preliminary work In my preliminary work, I need to find out how much water to use, whether the tissue should be wet with hot/cold water, how often the readings should be taken, how accurate should the readings be, how many readings should be taken and what my starting temperature should be. My results are as follows. Starting temperature of 40°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 36 38.9 60 35 38.5 90 34 37.9 120 33.9 37.5 150 33 37 180 32.6 36.9 210 32.3 36.8 240 31 36.5 270 30.4 36 300 30.3 35.9 Starting temperature of 65°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c) 30 51.1 53 60 48.2 51.9 90 46.4 51 120 46 50 150 44.3 49 180 42.9 48.4 210 42.6 46.9 240 41.7 48 270 40.2 47.5 300 39.3 47 Starting temperature of 60°c Time (secs) Wet towel (°c) Dry towel (°c)
the gain or loss of water when samples of the tissue are placed in a
Rationale: Early signs of dehydration include thirst and cessation of perspiration, muscle cramps, nausea and vomiting, lightheadedness, and orthostatic hypotension. Ackley and Ladwig p. 345
Water is an essential nutrient that our body requires every day. Without water human life cannot be sustained. Water deprivation kills faster than lack of any other nutrient. People do not think of water as a nutrient and don’t realize the important role of water in the body functions.
Water Scarcity is harmful to human life because when water is poorly managed throughout the world, those who need water are deprived of nutrients they truly need causing them to die. This eventually affects the global population. Therefore many experts have proposed several solutions such as the LifeSaver Bottle, TrojanUVPhox treatment system, and Waste Water Recycling.