Metaphor And Metonym

Research portfolio: Metaphor and Metonym
Introduction and definitions from sources
“A Metonym must have two sememes with semantic markers in common, which one can easily understand what is meant by similarity and comparison between the two. Both the sememes should also possess the same connotative marker unlike metaphor which involves no suspected resemblance based on the thing its self. A metonymy is substitution by syntagmatic contiguity because, it’s given a readymade syntagm, established habits will permit one of its elements to be substituted for another. An example being the White House as a metonym for the President of the United States.” (Jakobson, 1956)
“Where we substitute one word or image in a sequence for another, we can transfer

Anything can be a sign as long as someone interprets it as signifying something” (Pierce,1931-58)
“Saussure defined a sign as being composed of a signifier and a signified. The sign is the whole that results from association of the signifier with the signified. The relationship between the signified and signifier is signification. The signifier is now commonly interpreted as the material or physical form of the sign, it is something which can be seen, heard, touched, smelt or tasted. Both the signifier and the signified were purely psychological.” (Saussure,

(1978). A Theory of Semiotics. 1st ed. Indiana: Indiana University Press, pp.279-281.
Pierce, (1931-58) in Chandler, D. (2001). Semiotics the basics. 1st ed. England: Routledge, pp.13-15.
Saussure, (1973) in Chandler, D. (2001). Semiotics the basics. 1st ed. England: Routledge, pp.13-15.
Messaris, P. (1997). Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising. 1st ed. Sage eBook Crow, D. (2010) Visible Signs, 2nd ed. [online]. Bloomsbury Sport. Available from: http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=296757 accessed on 7 November 2017
Images
Figure 1. Saussure, F. (1983) Saussure Model, [diagram] At: http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/S4B/sem02.html accessed on 07 November 2017
Figure 2. Howland, M. (2016). I'm going there. [oil on canvas] Canterbury: The beany.
Figure 3. Ibou, P. (1992) Famous Animal Symbols. 1st ed. England: interecho press
Figure 4. Wicks, S. (2001). Angel over Canterbury. [Mixed media on paper] Canterbury: The Beany.
Figure 5. Absolute (1990). Absolute Vodka advert. [image] Available at: http://pzrservices.typepad.com/vintageadvertising/2008/05/vintage-ads-f-3.html [Accessed 9 Nov.