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Negative effects of urbanization
Negative effects of urbanization
The Impact of Urbanization
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Recently, global attention has been drawn to the fact that world’s population has been urbanized, triggering them to move from a rural area to an urban society. Urbanization is defined as the process by which rural areas become developed and urbanized as a result of economic development and industrialization (Naab et al., 2013). In this case, urbanization will cause the shift of a number of population from a rural area to an urban area, which leads to an increment in the number of urban society in that particular area. According to United Nations (2008), the number of urban population will be doubled and increases from 6.7 billion to 9.2 billion between 2007 and 2050. In short, global urbanization causes a rise in the number of population in developed countries from 63% to 85% (GHEC, 2007). Available statistics show that current world’s population has reached 7 billion and will keep increasing, where more than 50% of global population reside in urban areas (Wu, 2014).
As a matter of fact, urbanization occurs mainly because of the expansion of city boundary which engulfs the rural area. This will result in the increment of interaction of residents,
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Not to mention, residents in many cities of developed countries spend 90 percent of their incomes on foods. Hence, it implies that urban population depends on their incomes in order to afford a healthy diet; and thus employment opportunities. However, in rapid urbanization issues, the employment opportunities might be not sufficiently available due to overcrowding in that particular urban area. According to Lancet (2013), evidence proves that there is a causal relationship between income and infant mortality rate. Therefore, there would be some challenges for the vulnerable financial groups in urban populations to consume such highly cost ‘safe
Although the two authors do not refer to each other directly in their works, both their perspectives share a common ground that no enough income make people eating less healthy. Pinsker argues that the actual barrier that stops people from eating healthy is the lack of income (129-130). He uses studies to show that poor families choose processed food because children like those tasty processed food (Pinsker 129-134). Whereas poor families cannot afford the waste if children refused to eat healthier but less tasty food parents provided (Pinsker 129-134). Cortright also suggests that income matters the most to why people do not eat healthy. He even further discusses income as the most influential limiting factor by addressing that other factors such as physical proximity to local food sources do not cause people to eat less healthy (Cortright 135-138). The two authors, in general, reach a consensus and mutually prove that income plays as the biggest limiting factor for people to have healthy
And last of all, modernisation is another cause of urbanisation as urbanised places are usually characterised to have sophisticated technology, medical services and facilities, communication and much more. Many people feel as though these these characteristics allow for a more comfortable
* Urban Professional^s recognition of the increased variability, robustness, and interest in both the urban area and their work. * Conservation Activist^s commendation of the lower consumption of resources, and reduced pressure on sensitive environment areas, suggestive of a reduction in urban sprawl. * The Development Industry^s equations of profit established through better and higher levels of land use. Essentially urban consolidation proposes an increase of either population or dwellings in an existing defined urban area (Roseth,1991). Furthermore, the suburban village seeks to establish this intensification within a more specific agenda, in which community is to be centred by public transport nodes, and housing choice is to be widened with increased diversity of housing type (Jackson,1998).
The abundance of food and quality of food differs depending on a person’s financial capability. Between the countries, their weekly spending is extremely different, but so is the food they purchase. Families from developed countries like Germany, the United States, and Italy have access to more options, but also deal with inflation, but the fact that some of these countries do not have organizations like the FDA to approve or disapprove their food allows it to cost less at a risk. The food differences between these families are very vast, and the more they spent the unhealthier the food was. The families from Germany and the United States had an excess of fast food, junk food, and soda, and they spent the most on groceries. It was very interesting to watch the amount of unnecessary food drop as the amount spent on food dropped like the families from Chad, Bhutan, and Ecuador. The families with lower grocery bills appear to eat healthier, because they purchased natural grains and rice, but also more vegetables and fruits; some of these families did not purchase any meat that I noticed. Very interesting was the fact about the amount of money spent to the connection of how many people the food nourishes. The first three
In 1950, only 13% of China’s population lived in cities (Seto, n.d.). Post 30 years, one hundred-million people moved to large cities from rural areas in China. This migration was considered the largest migration in human history. To compare this migration to western cities, the example of Shenzhen is used. For a Western city to have a population of three million to increase to ten million, it takes about a hundred years. 30-year old city, Shenzhen on the other hand made this population increase in just a decade (qtd. Caughey and Dawn). Today, over 53.7% of its population lives in cities; by 2020 it is projected that a whole 60% of the population will live in cities (Xinhuanet, 2014).
Recent years have witnessed a large number of Indian English fiction writers who have stunned the literary world with their works. The topics dealt with are contemporary and populist and the English is functional, communicative and unpretentious. Novels have always served as a guide, a beacon in a conflicting, chaotic world and continue to do so. A careful study of Indian English fiction writers show that there are two kinds of writers who contribute to the genre of novels: The first group of writers include those who are global Indians, the diasporic writers, who are Indians by birth but have lived abroad, so they see Indian problems and reality objectively. The second group of writers are those born and brought up in India, exposed to the attitudes, morale and values of the society. Hence their works focus on the various social problems of India like the plight of women, unemployment, poverty, class discrimination, social dogmas, rigid religious norms, inter caste marriages, breakdown of relationships etc.
Beall, Joe. Basudeb, Khasnobis. Kanbur, Ravi. Urbanization and Development: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford University Press, 2010.
Urbanization has to deal with the construction of new modernized construction and the use of technology, in total it means advancing from the local to make modernized place and an industrial site. Also it includes the construction of infrastructural buildings, infrastructural buildings are buildings that are constructed for the betterment of the country for the people it includes hospital, schools, bridges, water supplies and different other buildings. Most of the land were covered by the trees, and they only few people living there, in order to develop a modernized place, or an urbanized place, construction needs to be made. In the determination of making an urbanized place where factories and all could be done, practice such as deforestation is done. Lands that were filled with tees are then cutting in order to satisfy the project of urbanization. The urbanized places are still developing which increases the rate of
In this section, he explained that urbanization happened in two stages. First stage cities were confined and limited to the valleys and food plains, like the Nile, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus and Hwang Ho. The second stage is the urban dominance, where cities are in full expansion, performance and influence. He concluded that population growth and technical improvement are factors of this change.
Nowadays, more than half of the world population lives in cities. Urban populations consume 75% of the world 's natural resources and generate 75% of waste. Cities have become consumers of enormous amounts of natural resources and generating massive environmental
First of all, overpopulation drastically affects the land. Possibly the most prominent example of the depreciating health and amount of land is the need for developments. Due to the exploding population in the United States, about 1.2 million acres of land every year is being converted to subdivisions, malls, workplaces, roads, parking lots, resorts, and many other developments (“Overpopulation,” Internet). That is a substantial amount of land being overturned to satisfy human desires. To put it in better perspective, between 1982 and 1997, the land mass lost to development is equal to the size of Maine and New Hampshire combined, which is approximately 25 million acres (“Overpopulation,” Internet). While soil is being ruptured for human preference, the number of cities has remarkably modified. In 1975, Mexico City, Tokyo, and New York City were the only cities considered as megacities (“Special,” Internet). In today’s world, that number is considerably small. Now, there are 21 megacities in the world. A megacity is when the population of that city becomes greater than 10 million people (“Special,” Internet). Therefore, the 21 megacities that are currently in the world holds more than 21...
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Urbanization is the movement from a rural society to an urban society, and involves a growth in the number of people in urban areas. Urban growth is increasing in both the developed but mostly in the developing countries. Urbanization is associated with the problems of unemployment, poverty, bad health, poor cleanliness, urban slums environmental deprivation. This causes a very big problem for these developing countries and who are some of poorest countries. Africa urbanization is not as big as most developing countries but is on the rise for it outbursts in city growth lately. (Saundry, 2008).
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Urbanization in developed countries in the West differs between the periods of before and after the Industrial Revolution. Before the revolution, the pre-capitalism cities were the center for government power and commercial activities. They emphasized communal living. However, together with the appearance of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism, cities experienced sudden increase of population. And, that increase caused socioeconomic change that the importance of communal living diminished and relationships became capitalistic. The traditional relationship between people changed to impersonal and instrumental social relationship.