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Urbanization and Sustainable Development
Tang 1 Iris
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.
Sustainable development can solve problems of environmental damage, or in other words, pollution. For example, water pollution is severe nowadays. Waste water was continually discharged from factories, with poisonous chemicals running with it. Considering the aim of sustainable development, we can come upon some ideas to deal with the problem. First, sewage system should be improved during the development so that drinking water can gain more purity. Furthermore, rain water can be separated from industrial and domestic water, it should go through another system so that people can harness it more effectively and properly. The emission of waste water, which contains organophosphorus pesticide, should also be restricted, for they pollute water heavily and harm not only fish and aquatic animals but also people use the polluted water. Air pollution caused by over urbanization are among the most severe problems...
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...is event ‘ just a coincidence because several small earthquakes happened before the big one’ ( Zhang, 2008), but it proved that if we can predict hazards accurately, much loss can be saved.
Just like above, sustainable development helps a lot in dealing with problems caused by urbanization.
References:
1.Anonymous. A Single Button Cell Can Pollute 600 Million Liters Of Water. from: http://wenku.baidu.com 2. Antoni.S, Edmund.K. (2011). RPT-Nikkei closes at 5-wk low, extends loss after quake. from: http://www.reuters.com 3.Miyazawa.K. Winnik FM (2002). Synthesis of Phosphorylcholine-based Hydrophobically
Modified Poly Betaines. Macromolecules.35:2440-2444
4.Zhongxia.Z . (2008). American Scientists: Haicheng Earthquake Prediction Is Not Enough
For a Theoretical System. from:
http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/
Mike Davis in his book Planet of Slums, discusses the Third World and the impact globalization and industrialization has on both urban and poverty stricken cities. The growth of urbanization has not only grown the middle class wealth, but has also created an urban poor who live side by side in the city of the wealthy. Planet of Slums reveals astonishing facts about the lives of people who live in poverty, and how globalization and the increase of wealth for the urban class only hurts those people and that the increase of slums every year may eventually lead to the downfall of the earth. “Since 1970 the larger share of world urban population growth has been absorbed by slum communities on the periphery of Third World cities” (Davis 37). Specifically,
Reviewing history, from ancient times to the present, urban expansion is the inevitable product of urban development throughout an inhabited region. Urban expansion stimulates economics, brings higher employment and income rates. No doubt, every improvement comes with some sacrifice, that is how the world began, and continues to run so there is no reason to restrict urban expansion if managed properly.
Recently, there are growing debates over the sustainability and the liveability of our cities. Some argue that sustainable development is necessary if human want to stay alive, while some oppose to sustainable development as they placed sustainability in the opposite side of liveability and suspect that these practices may hinder their present luxurious lifestyle. However, it is a common fallacy in people’s mind. The concept of sustainability is compatible to liveability, instead of contradicting to each other. In the following essay, this argument will be justified.
Sustainability is a concept with a diverse array of meanings and definitions – a widely used glamorous, ambiguous, ambivalent and vague concept that is used by different stakeholder groups in various ways. Presumably to avoid noodling over a terminology or to avoid the confrontation with a definition, most widely the concept is broken down a planning process (c.f. e.g. Döring & Muraca, 2010). That is why most common sustainability is understood as sustainable development.1
Pollutants generally comprise of waste materials in various forms. Pollution takes various forms with impacts evidenced on air, water and soil (Huesemann 271). Technology have contributed to the rise of pollution that is currently leading to environmental harm and human illness. It is currently a global problem with urban areas in both developed and developing countries the most impacted. Irrespective of the fact that urban areas are mostly polluted while compared to the countryside, the impact of pollution is evident in the overall environment. For example, global warming resulting from emission of high quantities of greenhouse gasses signifies the impact of pollution on the overall society. Although some countries contribute less in respect to emission of these dangerous gasses, they are impacted by global warming in depicted by climatic change. Therefore, there is a need to address the problem of pollution at the international level. Environmentalists have remained on the forefront in the drive towards ensuring solving the problem of pollution that seems worse than ever. Irrespective of the fact that the international community has realized the dangers of pollution to the current and future generation and agreed on the need to address the problem with even some measures put in place, there is a need for more action both from the individual and government
Demographic changes are among the most direct influences on urban change and urbanisation. Movements of people into and out from cities, shape the size, configuration and social composition of cities. The conditions of the urban environment affected the demographic structure of cities by influencing the balance between rates of fertility and mortality. Improved living standards expectations draw millions of migrants into cities. The synonymous relationship between urban dwelling and quality of life.
Hello, in this speech I want to talk about the term "sustainable development" and what it means for me and for the world. For me, sustainable development is a new way for the world to improve its present and have more options for a good future. This method, which most countries have begun to use to fight against the ecological problems on the planet, is of great importance to maintain many things that exist on the planet today, like many animals or plants. In addition, this plan will improve people's living standards, in addition to helping with social problems and the daily lives of many people, such as education and work, also help poor people with better living conditions. Now I want to explain, from my point of view and based on the information
Urbanisation is an indispensable component of Economic Development, but along with it arrives in all allied problems. With the increase in urbanization trends the towns and cities not just becomes more densely populated but also they expand geographically. This process of urbanization creates a huge gap between the supply and demand of urban infrastructure and services. This leads to overstressed basic infrastructure services in urban areas. To cope up with these problems the urban local bodies will have to scale up in their capacity to provide adequate infrastructure facilities such as water supply, sewerage system, sanitation, solid waste management, housing and roads in the existing urban areas as well as in new areas. Such haphazard development otherwise poses to severe health and economic risks to the entire community.
With the development of urbanization, an increasing number of social problems have emerged. These problems will decelerate the urban development, however, there are many ways in which sustainable development can reduce the impact of these urbanization problems. “Sustainable development seeks to improve the quality of human life without undermining the quality of our natural environment” (Adams, W.M. 1999). Actually, sustainable development can partly solve the urbanization problems, for it can reduce the impact of the problems such as traffic jam, housing shortage and severe pollution, but it is difficult to completely solve these problems in a short time.
“Sustainable Development: At its heart, sustainable development is the simple idea of ensuring a good quality of life for everyone, now and for generations to come. It is about living within the carrying capacity of the environment so that how we live, work and enjoy leisure activities, which do not harm or put undue pressures on the environment. It is about ensuring everyone has the opportunity to have a decent education, a quality environment that they take pride in, good health and a decent job (n.p, 2014)”
Sustainability simply defined to me as balancing act between the development of sustainability is necessary for both planet Earth and humans to survive. This is reinforced in the World Commission on Environment and Development report (1987) that sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without compromising the well-being of future generations”. The Earth Charter Organization widened the idea of sustainability to respect for a culture of peace, universal human rights, nature, and economic justice (What is sustainability?, n.d.).
Cities all over the world are developing. As war ended in 1942, a significant number of people move to the city because they want to improve life. This urbanization process is causing a number of problems and should be met by sustainable development policies. In the beginning, it is important to know the definition of sustainable development. There are some definitions for sustainable development, but simply they say that sustainable development is a development which using resources now and preserving them for future generations (Adams, 1999, p.137). This concept has been agreed internationally at a Rio Conference in 1992 to be implemented by all government policies which mostly known as “Agenda 21” principles (Adams, 1999, p.141). This paper will show that traffic jams and housing problems caused by urbanization can be met by sustainable development policies. The structure of this paper will first explain the situation that leads to traffic jams and housing problems. Next, it will elaborate the sustainable development solutions, implications for the solutions, and evaluations how effective the sustainable development solutions solved the problems.
The first is to encourage economic growth and sustainable development. It emphasizes the need for economic growth, the need to improve the level of contemporary human welfare through economic growth, enhance national strength and social wealth. However, sustainable development should not only pay attention to the amount of economic growth, but also to the pursuit of quality of economic growth. That is economic development, including growth in the number and quality improvement in two parts. Growth in the number is limited, and rely on scientific and technological progress and improving the effectiveness of economic activity and quality, adopt a scientific mode of economic growth is sustainable. Flag of sustainable development is the sustainable use of resources and good ecological environment. Economic and social development can not exceed the carrying capacity of resources and the
The notion of sustainable city has mounted a paramount place in the contemporary urban planning. In the world Conservation strategies in1980, the concept of sustainable development was firstly introduced.
Urban sprawl or urbanization is the migration of people from big towns or cities to more rural areas . One of the main reasons why people do this because of over crowded places or want to move to different areas to live . Urban sprawl is not a new concept even back to the ancient cities , people would move out into more rural areas in the country instead of living in over populated towns . But when people moved out into the country they wanted to build more houses and build roads , so they had to build over certain places and dig up resources to build . this created a shift in some areas of urbanization making some animals and plants to go extinct . The overuse of Urbanization is more than present in the 21st century , like China and India