2.1.1 Demographic changes are among the most direct influences on urban change and urbanisation. Movements of people into and out from cities, shape the size, configuration and social composition of cities. The conditions of the urban environment affected the demographic structure of cities by influencing the balance between rates of fertility and mortality. Improved living standards expectations draw millions of migrants into cities. The synonymous relationship between urban dwelling and quality of life.
2.1.2 Social change: Social attitude can influence character of town and cities. It can influence migration patterns and internal structure of city. Macro scale social changes can have a significant impact on the character of towns and cities.
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Innovations such as the advent of global telecommunications have has a market impact on the structure and functioning of the global economy. The effects of macro level technology change are encapsulated in the concept of economic long cycle of expansion and contraction in the rate of economic development. Pacione 2009 stated that the first of these cycle of innovation was based on early mechanisation by means of water power and steam engines, while the most recent and still incomplete cycle is based on micro – electronics, digital telecommunications, robotics and biotechnology. The different technology eras represented by Kondratieff cycles shape not only the economy but also the pace and character of urbanisation and urban change. Technological changes that directly affect urban form also occur at the local level for example the manner in which advances in transportation technology promoted suburbanisation. Emergence of telecommunications. According to de Jager, 2008 the competitive urban environment is continually changing as a result of globalisation and technological …show more content…
The increasing gap between rich and poor is evident, for example, rich people buy designer clothes, wine and dine in restaurants anytime of the month whereas poor people you will not see them in those places because they cannot afford that kind of life. Rich people always greedy, they are in competition amongst themselves instead of sharing their wealth with poor community. Materialism remains a dominant cultural influence in urban society. The effects of culturl change on cities are encapsulated in the concept of postmodernism. This is based on social differences and youth cultures for instance the inner city ethnic areas energised by different kinds of music, while others have alternative lifestyle such as gay communities. According to Pacione 2009:.., postmodern urbanism is also evident in the growth of cultural industries such as media and arts and in the regeneration of historic urban districts such as Gastown in Vancouver, Covent Garden in
Naked City adequately captures the change in cities due to gentrification. Zukin illustrates the cultural uniqueness of iconic New York neighborhoods. Her examination of these neighborhoods in the past and how they are today gives incite on how they might look in the future if society continues on the path that it is on. Neighborhoods have been renovated; several facades have been modernized, but the area still has an old-fashioned feel (106). Zukin proves that in society today we strive to modernize cities yet we still try to maintain the authentic feel. Reading this book my knowledge on gentrification and how it has affect communities have broadened. Zukin’s reference to movies and music artists made me realize that people might determine certain neighborhoods as a desirable place to live based on how they are depicted in movies or books. I also learned it’s important to consider the trends that are going on around the world. Shops reflect the “class world” that dominates the East Village now: both elegant and derelict, hippie and yuppie, distinctive and diverse (106). The current hipster trend can be a factor of this reflection of East Village. Zukin understands that there are many factors that result in gentrification of an area. It is crucial to look at the tastes ad lifestyles of the upper middle class, for these dominate the cultural representations of cities today (223). Zukin provides a brief history of different New
However, there is usually not enough land or housing for the city's growing population. There is also not enough jobs in the city to keep everyone employed. Poverty increases and jobs give lower and lower pay. The poor live in slums
Investigating the Impact of Urbanisation in Santiago, Chile Introduction I am looking at the effects which have taken place in Santiago due to urbanisation and also what their government has done to make it better. The urbanisation that has taken place in Chile’s capital city has the same causes, problems and advantages as many other cities. The main aspect to look at is the growth in population and the density of the city. This tells us how rapidly or slowly urbanisation has taken place over a period of time. Santiago’s Growth History After the World War Two the capital city of Santiago saw a very rapid industrialisation.
Although restricting new constructions might seem relevant, it imposes costs to the society at large. Stopping housing constructions in attractive areas increase the housing prices. The federal housing policy decreases the home mortgage interest rate, which encourages people to own houses in the suburbs. This results in higher carbon emissions. However, this could be lower through carbon tax. Human face-to-face interaction is critical. New technological advancements increase productivity. Overall, the sustaining gift of the cities reflects the social nature of humanity (p.
This phenomenon has several effects on the lives of the city dwellers which are both positive and negative in nature. Some effects of urbanization are discussed below:
Sociologist … explained that open pattern of suburb is because of seeking environment free noise, dirt and overcrowding that are in the centre of cities. He gave examples of these cities as St. John’s wood, Richmond, Hampstead in London. Chestnut Hill and Germantown in Philadelphia. He added that suburban are only for the rich and high class. This plays into the hands of the critical perspectives that, “Cities are not so much the product of a quasi-natural “ecological” unfolding of social differentiation and succession, but of a dynamic of capital investment and disinvestment. City space is acted on primarily as a commodity that is bought and sold for profit, “(Little & McGivern, 2013, p.616).
Climate change speaks of radical changes in the weather conditions of a place, or the whole planet. It is affected by several natural factors such as temperature changes, precipitation, wind and solar radiation; and occurrences such as earthquakes and droughts. It is also severely affected by several human factors. This paper will explore the impact urbanisation makes in this process.
Human societies live in settlements that get classified as rural or urban. Urban areas include human created structures and there are more residents that inhabit the area. Rural or country areas often develop randomly. Natural vegetation and land availability often play a significant role in determining human settlement in rural regions. Increasing the amount of rural areas becomes the focus of agencies and the government. Many urban areas were once rural areas before becoming developed. Urban areas include advanced civic amenities. Opportunities such as education, transportation, business, and social interface all typically increase in urban areas. Natural resources and natural events are often the basis for settlement in rural areas. Urban areas receive benefits of manmade advancements.
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
...population distribution designed to reduce the rate of rural-urban migration appears to have had limited success in many developing countries. Policies must be directed at altering the rural economy in order to slow the rate of urban sprawl. Broad land use planning and changing of planning standards and governmental procedures would go a long way to reduce many of the problems that face urban populations in the developing areas, especially Africa. Urbanization can cause a lot of problems for a city or even a country. It can cause cities to become overpopulated which are known as mega-cites, and cause problems with living arrangements and finding a job. Urbanization can also cause health problems. Urbanization is supposed to be good for developing countries on the rise but with this rapid growth in Africa, these problems can become a major concern in the future.
Many villagers and small town dwellers want a living in big cities. With some expectations, they make a movement from villages to big cities. This migration from rural areas to big cities is called urbanization.
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
Urbanization occurs naturally from individual and corporate efforts to cut time and cost in commuting and transportation while improving opportunities for jobs, education, housing, and transportation. Living in cities allows individuals and families to take advantage of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition. People began moving into cities to seek economic opportunities.
We all know the urbanization rate is an index to value the development of a country. However, though urbanization provides great convenience to some individuals, it also brings about negative effects. Problems such as pollution, overcrowded and the high unemployment appear during the process of urbanization and they are hard to cope with. In face of the sequence of problems, a new way of development ----sustainable development was put forward. Just like its literal meaning, the word sustainability has something to do with continuity. It was used since 1980s and first appeared in Britain law in 1993. Sustainable development can help solve parts of the problem caused by urbanization, including environmental damage, overuse of resources, and natural disasters.
Urbanization in developed countries in the West differs between the periods of before and after the Industrial Revolution. Before the revolution, the pre-capitalism cities were the center for government power and commercial activities. They emphasized communal living. However, together with the appearance of the Industrial Revolution and capitalism, cities experienced sudden increase of population. And, that increase caused socioeconomic change that the importance of communal living diminished and relationships became capitalistic. The traditional relationship between people changed to impersonal and instrumental social relationship.