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Broadly speaking in considering the link between emotions and decision making
Broadly speaking in considering the link between emotions and decision making
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The Humanistic approach is a psychological perspective which studies the whole person and each individual’s uniqueness (McLeod, 2007). Humanistic psychology began in the 1940s and 1950s by a group of prominent psychologists such as Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Charlotte Buhler, who felt that behaviorism and psychoanalysis had many limitations and that a person’s behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image (Frye, 2015). They believed in the human capacity for choice and growth and that individuals have free will and make conscious choices (Frye, 2015). The humanistic approach emphasizes that behavior is influenced by a person’s environment and that social interactions greatly influence the development of a person (Frye, 2015).
Patients talk through their experiences and grow by understanding their behavior and adopting strategies for the future (“Abraham Maslow,” 2015). The humanistic approach is sometimes called phenomenological as it endeavors to understand people’s perceptions, perspectives and understandings of a particular experience and how these affect their behavior (McLeod, 2007). Humanism rejects the assumptions of the behaviorist perspective and the psychodynamic approach as these are considered to be dehumanizing by humanistic psychologists (McLeod, 2007). It is sometimes referred to as “third force psychology” after psychoanalysis and behaviorism (McLeod, 2007). Humanistic psychology emphasizes the personal worth of the individual as it focuses on the capacity of humans to overcome hardship, pain and despair through free will and in the choices that we make (McLeod, 2007).
Additionally, Humanistic Psychology studies how people value themselves. Today’s Psychologists are often faced with problems when diagnosing patients, and utilizing a Humanistic approach to their prognosis facilitates a more broad study of what may be occurring. Taking a step back, Jake is having a tough time with his classes; his classes are now more difficult than before, and they might be affecting how Jake perceives his own values. I.e. because Jake feels more nervous, he could be losing his sense of control, which goes against his personal growth and affects his values and image of himself. Applying the humanistic approach to Jake, his fulfillment as a student is his personal growth. However as the difficulty of his classes increase, so does his own personal perception on how much he is growing. For Jake, realizing that he’s not suited for a particular difficult class is upsetting and induces anxiety. Modern day Psychologists would concur because Jake is feeling less valued and lacking a proper humanistic view of himself, he is feeling uncomfortable, and thus more
From a social-cognitive perspective your environment can change your personality, however, humanistic approach implies and event happens in your life and you apply your free will which defines your personality. The social-cognitive approach emphasizes the importance of cognitive processes, situational influences, observational learning, and self-efficacy while, the humanistic approach emphasizes free will, personal awareness, and psychological growth. The social-cognitive theory explains behavior is guided by cognitions of the world, in contrast, the humanistic approach stresses the importance of free will in explaining behavior. The social-cognitive theory incorporates mostly objective and some subjective information, while, the humanistic approach is more concerned with the subjective experiences of the individual. The social-cognitive perspective does not regard humans a unique. The humanistic approach places a high value on humans and does not believe they are comparable to rats in an experiment. Social-Cognitive approach takes into account biological factors related to cognition. The humanistic approach rejects biological determinism. The social-cognitive theory is grounded in empirical, laboratory research, in contrast, the humanistic viewpoint has no empirical research but assumptions or clinical observations. The main perspective differences between social-cognitive and humanistic perspectives are social cognitive theory believes the interaction between the environment, cognition, and behavior influence personality; and the humanistic theory believes people have free will, individual work and potential to reach
Humanistic theories emerged in 1950s. We have two types of humanistic theories, the first one is Person-Centred Theory by Carl Rogers which is based on how people see them-selves in relation to their personal experience and the second theory is Self-actualisation by Abraham Maslow which is based on the needs that motivate people. In this paper both theories will be described in detail and also they will be evaluated.
The psychoanalytic approach, proposed by Sigmund Freud, is based on the idea that childhood experiences significantly influence the development of later personality traits and psychological problems. In addition, psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious fears, desires and motivations on thoughts and behaviors. The humanistic approach, presented by Abraham Maslow, emphasizes self actualization and free-will. It is based on the belief that each person has freedom in directing his or her future.
Two proponents most noted for humanistic approaches to personality are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Both the Person-Centered Theory (Rogers) and the Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow) considered that humans ' true nature was good and that each has the potential for growth. A comparison of the two approaches demonstrates a compatibility between theory and practice. Furthermore, each approach focuses on individual choices and rejects the theory that biology will determine human potential.
The humanist educational theory is concerned with enhancing the innate goodness of the individual. It seeks ways to enhance the individual development of the student, which I believe fosters intrinsic motivation and stimulates a passion to learn. According to the humanist, education should be a process of developing a free, self-actualizing person. The teacher who follows humanistic theory emphasizes instruction and assessment based on student interests, abilities, and needs. A humanistic school environment is one in which the teacher and students share their thoughts, feelings, beliefs, fears, and aspirations with one another. I believe when students have ownership in the education process, they are motivated to work hard to master the skills necessary t...
Plato (427-347 B.C.E.) was a student of Socrates. He believes in innate knowledge that we access through careful reasoning. Plato also divided the world into two realms, pure and abstract, and all else physical and mundane. He suggests that reason is responsible for balancing our desires (appetites) on the hand with our (spirit) on the others in pursuit of reason’s goals (Plato, 427-347 B.C.E.).
The humanistic-existential perspective is both a reaction to and an outgrowth of the psychodynamic perspective. These thinkers refer to psychodynamic theory as inadequate, many were repulsed with its tendency to break down the "whole" person into discrete components, and, the idea of adapting to one's society, however questionable its values. Most importantly, they disagree that human action is beyond the individuals control, in fact they believe that if we could develop with out constraints, we would be rational and socialized. Humanists and existentialists also think psychology should be converted into a human science, different from psychological theories with more focus on natural science. Nonetheless, there would be four basic premises that both groups (humanists & existentialists) would follow.
Introduction to the Humanistic Approach Þ Each individual is unique Þ What matters is each person's subjective view not objective reality. Þ Reality is defined by the individual's perspective, which is based on their personal unique experiences of life. Þ Each individual strives to maximise their potential (self-actualisation) and should be responsible for their lives (free will).
I believe that personalities are made up of traits which are social descriptions, to help define the learned patterns that influence people’s reactions in social surroundings.
In general, human nature consists of three main parts: the mind (intellect), the body (biological makeup) and the spirit (emotional makeup). As the mind and the body are being well explored in behaviorism and psychoanalysis, the spirit of a person has been increasingly popular from the mid-20th century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third-force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third-force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individual's potentials and highlighted the importance of self-actualization. In addition, humanists believe that human’s uniqueness and their positive position need to be focused more in the future study.
Efficiency is highly prized in a culture turned toward productivity. It is therefore cultivated in contemporary business administration theories. It also tends to be prized above all other values in modern society, as society is more and more oriented toward technological advancement. Efficiency is also defined here as the most economic or the shortest or fastest or most simple way of realizing or achieving a goal with the least cost.
Humanistic Psychology came about in the 1950’s. At this time the major practices of psychology were that of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. Humanistic Psychology was essentially developed as a response to these practices. Humanistic psychology can be loosely defined as a school of psychology which focuses on self-actualization, stresses growth, and focuses on potential of the individual client. One of the major beliefs of the humanistic thinkers is that change and growth cannot occur unless a choice is made by the individual to make a change and grow as a person. Another belief is that people are for the most part good; however, mental and social problems result from deviations of this natural tendency (Cherry n.d.). It is important to remember that self is a major and perhaps most important focus of humanistic psychology. The goal of humanistic thinkers was that in order for an individual to achieve the desired end result, it is important to the therapist to first understand the person as a whole, and for that person to understand themselves as a whole.
Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences.
What exactly is Humanistic Psychology? That is a question that cannot be so easily defined. The question to be asked first before any other is answered