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Case studies in business ethics and corporate governance
Techniques of persuasion
Techniques of persuasion
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The five characteristics of Argument Fields is that they are human creation, they are developed by people with shared goals, they develop specialized language and rules, people can belong to many fields, and a field survives only as long as it serves the common purpose of its members and can adapt and change.
Ad hominem is a fallacy of reasoning where the person attacks the person rather than their argument. An example of ad hominem is making a comment about how someone can’t be right because they have stains all over their clothes. The Slippery Slope is a fallacy of appeal which reduces a conclusion beyond logic to an absurd extent. An example of slippery slope is saying that since smoking causes cancer, that by smoking in public a person
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For visual argument, one test is to see how a speaker establishes his/her credibility as an arguer. If a speaker can’t establish credibility then there is less reason for an audience to hear out their argument. A second test is to see if the arguer uses appropriate sources. By not using appropriate sources then that diminishes the credibility of the arguer.
One aspect argumentation in the law is the emphasis of evidence. Evidence being crucial to make an arguers argument valid and credible. One aspect of argument on business is the emphasis on ethics. Ethics is important to make certain that an arguer is not taking advantage of
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An example of how my team and others established credibility was the use of credible sources. A couple times in the argument the affirmation or negation would question a source and if they replied that it came from a source like the Huffington Post or the Daily Mail then it seemed less credible than if had come from a peer reviewed source.
I believe that the PDT assignment could be improved by somehow getting the audience more involved with the argument. Since the argument is supposed to be for the audience I would like to see a way of maybe the audience assigning points for each claim backed up with sufficient evidence for the affirmative side and each well cited refutation also earning points for their respective teams. This way the audience is more engaged and the arguers know where they stand in the argument.
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Through the accompaniment of rhetorical devices and pathos, one can strengthen an argument to the point where others see no other option. When spoken at the right occasions and with enough of supporting evidence, an argument will intrigue the audience and make people find the argument logical and appealing. Patrick Henry made his speech less than a month before the Revolutionary War came to pass. Thomas Paine commenced a series of articles when the call for men to fight was urgent. When someone makes an argument, even the smallest detail counts.
For instance, one of the first steps in creating an argument is convincing the audience to listen to you, and then convincing them there is a problem that requires a solution.
Argumentation has followed humans from the dawn of time as a way for us to express our ideas and for our ideas to be heard. People naturally obtain the knowledge to persuade others, either backing their opinions by fact or touching others emotionally, from growing up and through their own experiences in life. We can be persuaded by a numerous amounts of different factors pertaining to the argument. There are four different types of strategies in which an argument can be presented and make the argument effective. Martin Luther King is a key example of the utilization of the strategies as he wrote, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and Nicholas Carr also portrays the strategies with his essay, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Both authors perfectly
Finally, Leo makes the case that arguing is beneficial and can rescue us from “our own half-formed opinions.” John Leo has provided an excellent, if not equally sarcastic essay, on why he firmly believes debating is an important aspect of our daily lives. We use debating to help gain knowledge on new ideas, challenge existing ideas, engage with friends and fellow peers, and work out our half formed opinions. Throughout the essay, Leo uses a myriad of helpful quotes and examples to drive his point home. One of the most notable was a quote regarding President Ronald Reagan and then Speaker of the House, Tip O’Neill. “Tip O’Neill and Ronald Reagan fought sharply during the day, but enjoyed having the occasional drink or two after
An explanation is a set of statements constructed to describe a set of facts which clarifies the causes, contexts, and consequences of those facts. This description may establish rules or laws, and may clarify the existing ones in relation to any objects, or phenomena examined. The first piece Bush Remarks Roil Debate over Teaching of Evolution written by Elizabeth Bumiller, is an explanation. Bumiller addresses her points using facts rather than opinions, she also says, “Recalling his days as Texas governor, Mr. Bush said in the interview, according to a transcript, “I felt like both sides ought to be properly taught.”(2), this signifies that this is an explanation and not an argument since he sees both sides instead of choosing one. For
Arguments can be made out of just about anything. An argument has two sides, and conveying an opinion is one of those two sides. Arguments sort out the views of others and the support of those arguments represented by those people from past events. These events let others show their argument about what will happen in the future, and of how the future carries on today. Newspaper articles can be arguments, and laws being passed in Congress have a form of argument associated with them. There are many types of arguments that are presented in many ways. In Everything’s an Argument by Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, information is given about three specific types of argument: forensic, deliberative, and ceremonial. Forensic arguments deal with the past, deliberative talks about the future, and ceremonial is all about the present. I have identified each of these arguments in the form of newspaper articles.
...wn opinion and as a way to persuade the audience to have the same view.
In conclusion, as shown throughout this paper, evidence is needed to convince jurors to give a verdict of guilt or not guilt. Evidence comes in several forms such as physical evidence, substantial evidence. When evidence is presented, it acceptance in trial depends on relevant to the case to be admissible. “Relevance refers to any material fact or evidence having a tendency to make the existence of a matter at issue more probable than it would be without said fact (probative value)”(Britz, 2008, p. 344).
Making a good and persuasive argument is very much an acquired skill. It requires much practice and perfecting. It takes more than just having passion and making good points. Just because a person is passionate about the topic or has supporting details does not mean they can make a successful argument. Much more thought and skill is required. Gordon Adams, in his letter to the Arizona State University standards committee, demonstrates this quite well. Gordon Adams writes a passionate argument, yet his argument lacks several critical aspects.
Before the start of this school year, I was not clueless as to how to craft an argument, but, to say the least, I was unexperienced. I thought that “argumentative” was simply a fancy name for “persuasive”—needless to say, I was mistaken. Blinded by this fallacy, I avoided acknowledging any opposing views in my essays (such as in my TV argumentative impromptu), which only made it seem as if I did not have sufficient information to defend my arguments. I thought I had to induce my audience to agree with me and that if I mentioned any alternatives, I would lose them.
(Legal dictionary 2015) The most effective and most useful form of demonstrative evidence is graphs and charts. The tools can illustrate a loss of earrings a decrease in life expectancy and past future. Charts help jury understand evidence much better and show events in chronological order and fashion, this is so the evidence will be
The toulmin model is an effective method of argumentation used to persuade others through evidence and reasoning. A successful argument must consist of a claim, qualifiers, grounds, warrants, backing, and a rebuttal. I learned how by using the Toulmin model, it allows me to address my opinions in a complete and organized way. I also learned how important it is to include grounds, warrants, and backings and lacking one of these factors will weaken my argument. Additionally, rebuttals and qualifiers also make an argument more valid because it explores counter arguments and explains why the author’s opinion is more justified than the opposing argument. The toulmin model is popular and is used commonly by politicians in order to argue controversial
The article, “Trial Lawyers Cater to Jurors’ Demands for Visual Evidence,” written by Sylvia Hsieh stresses the importance of visual evidence. Hsieh writes
To win an argument one must keep in mind the following factors: Is the argument
Credibility is important when doing a speech, making sure that you won’t take up all the credibility, either stat...