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Elements of the toulmin model
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The toulmin model is an effective method of argumentation used to persuade others through evidence and reasoning. A successful argument must consist of a claim, qualifiers, grounds, warrants, backing, and a rebuttal. I learned how by using the Toulmin model, it allows me to address my opinions in a complete and organized way. I also learned how important it is to include grounds, warrants, and backings and lacking one of these factors will weaken my argument. Additionally, rebuttals and qualifiers also make an argument more valid because it explores counter arguments and explains why the author’s opinion is more justified than the opposing argument. The toulmin model is popular and is used commonly by politicians in order to argue controversial
He draws attention to his argument by using statistical evidence and methods of persuasion. The methods that the author uses to better explain his argument for this book include that of researched evidence, rhetoric, ethos, and logos. Examples of each can be found throughout the book. For the researched evidence, an example is all the quotes the author uses to better each argument of almost every paragraph of this book.
Through the accompaniment of rhetorical devices and pathos, one can strengthen an argument to the point where others see no other option. When spoken at the right occasions and with enough of supporting evidence, an argument will intrigue the audience and make people find the argument logical and appealing. Patrick Henry made his speech less than a month before the Revolutionary War came to pass. Thomas Paine commenced a series of articles when the call for men to fight was urgent. When someone makes an argument, even the smallest detail counts.
For instance, one of the first steps in creating an argument is convincing the audience to listen to you, and then convincing them there is a problem that requires a solution.
When attempting to convince other to view an issue from a different standpoint, there are multiple different rhetorical strategies that can be utilized in order to effectively do so. In the article “Not by Math Alone,” by Sandra Day O’Connor and Roy Romer, the authors argue that school systems today lack the education needed to prepare students to take part in their government. O’Connor and Romer use a variety of persuasive techniques, including establishing credibility and presenting facts and evidence, to get the audience to see how rare civic learning is and why it is important for students to learn about these things. The authors instill trust in the audience as they provide information from credible sources that supports their purpose.
...an is capable of persuading his audience into accepting his simplistic views of the world. He makes it easier to rationalize with his stance by his strategic use of sentence structure and word choice. When analyzing a past speech or interpreting a speech as it is given, upmost priority should be given to analytical tools for analyzing persuasive symbols and language. Whether the topic at hand is motivated by great emotions as it is here or not, the audience can easily be swayed in one direction surprisingly based only on universal comprehension.
Through the accompaniment of rhetorical devices and pathos, one can strengthen his or her argument to the point where others see no other option. When spoken at the right occasions and with enough of supporting evidence, an argument will enrapture the audience and make people find your argument logical and appealing. Patrick Henry made his speech less than a month before the American Revolution took place. Thomas Paine began a series of articles when the call for men to fight against the British was urgent. When someone makes and argument, even the smallest detail counts.
Argumentation has followed humans from the dawn of time as a way for us to express our ideas and for our ideas to be heard. People naturally obtain the knowledge to persuade others, either backing their opinions by fact or touching others emotionally, from growing up and through their own experiences in life. We can be persuaded by a numerous amounts of different factors pertaining to the argument. There are four different types of strategies in which an argument can be presented and make the argument effective. Martin Luther King is a key example of the utilization of the strategies as he wrote, “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and Nicholas Carr also portrays the strategies with his essay, “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” Both authors perfectly
A straw man fallacy, in its most lucid form, is executed when a person not only disregards an opponent’s counterarguments, but also distorts them into exaggerated versions of themselves in the interest of making them easier to refute. In many cases, the adversary’s arguments are skewed to such a severe point that they wind up being completely different than what the adversaries were actually fighting for; however, this is all for the convenience of the proponent. An innumerable amount of politicians and authors are infamous for using this problematic method of disproving opposing arguments, even notable celebrities like George W. Bush. The straw man method of persuasion is a proficient way to make a personal stance sound factual, but it
Making a good and persuasive argument is very much an acquired skill. It requires much practice and perfecting. It takes more than just having passion and making good points. Just because a person is passionate about the topic or has supporting details does not mean they can make a successful argument. Much more thought and skill is required. Gordon Adams, in his letter to the Arizona State University standards committee, demonstrates this quite well. Gordon Adams writes a passionate argument, yet his argument lacks several critical aspects.
Every source has an audience, and there is expected to have exigence and constraints. Everything is connected with each other, there has to be a rhetor that will teach about exigence, audience and constraints. After that, what was learned is going to be put into practice on texts or in our daily life (Gorrell 398). Throughout the letter, the mother used the same technique to approach her propositions to her daughter. She used appropriate language to obtain her daughter’s attention, there was exigence because her tone of speech throughout the letter was firm and the constraints were stated by talking about the pros and cons. Understanding the main argument is essential in persuading someone. Performing a rhetorical analysis is always needed,
* The Aims of Argument. 4th ed Ed.Timothy W. Crusius and Carolyn E. Channell. New York:McGraw Hill,2003, 352-355.
Argument can be defined as claim or thesis statement. The aim of an argument is to convince audience. It is essential to make sound argument so that audience could engage in and align with the author’s view. Therefore, one of the key elements could be identified as the awareness of audience. Another key element is evidence. In order to persuade audience, argument should be consolidated through evidence and authority. The credibility of author and argument could be enhanced by means of using evidence and referring to authorities. The strength of evidence could determine the degree of sound argument. Besides, sound argument should be logical. Firstly, evidence should be consistent with arguments. Secondly, the structure of argument should be clear. It consists of premise and conclusion. The function of premise is to state proposition. The conclusion is based on and supported by accurate premise. In sound argument both premise and conclusion are valid. However, according to Tyler, Kossen and Ryan (2005: 168) sound argument is both valid which means logically consistent and true argument. Hence, the premise of an argument also need to be true. Furthermore, counterargument could be considered as another key element of sound argument. Using counterargument in text can reinforce writer’s argument through discussing and addressing opposed opinion. However, writers need to ensure that your reply to counterargument is consistent with your main argument. The last element is to avoid fallacies. There are two kinds of common fallacies, legitimate and illegitimate methods of argument. Both of them may lead to flaw or fault in the reasoning and logic.
When one is given an argument to analyze, one must think very clearly about the facts and consider the claim that is taken by the author in the argument. Today, there is a variety of different ways an argument can take place. Arguments mostly take the form of; magazines, social media, and can be located in other media. In most cases, it is easier for one to be presented with an engraved version of an argument rather so one can reexamine the facts and claims to truly reveal a better sense of analyzation. During the analyzation process, one must think clearly upon what the author is actually revealing, in doing this the reader will determine if the author is being biased or not representing the claim correctly. An author must also examine the
Since the early eighties the world of the science have heard about the work of two Dutch scholars Frans H. van Eemeren and Rob Grootendorst from the University of Amsterdam. In their study, they focused on the argumentation theory, they are considered the authors of pragma-dialectics otherwise known as pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation. That theory of argumentation refers to any arguments in the context of an explicit or implicit discussions between the parties that are trying to solve the disagreement caused by the difference of opinion testing the acceptability of the standpoints of interested. (Van Eemeren & Grootendorst, 2004:21)
In closing, Persuasion is a powerful tool, both in trying to persuade others and being