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Types of Influence Tactics
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Introduction Politicians frequently receive negative publicity at the hand of their own use of language. Their uses of words as they relate to persuasion typically fall within one of the three dimensions of language functions, semantic or thematic. Often their persuasive language can be found to closely resemble any of these three categories simultaneously. There are many tools for analyzing persuasive symbols, many of which should be utilized when analyzing great communicators such as President Ronald Reagan. In response to the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion on January 28th, 1986 where seven brave American’s gave their lives. President Ronald Reagan made history with his famous speech, which didn’t only serve to address the great tragedy, but served as a focal point of comfort for the grieving nation. He commemorated the seven heroes who had fallen that morning in route to outer space; he expressed gratitude to NASA for their past developments and encouraged further explorations. Ronald Reagan was a great communicator, a charismatic persuader whose words delivered focus of the message through utilization of persuasive symbols. This paper aims not to be an all-inclusive guide for analyzing persuasive symbols, but will sufficiently guide the reader to be a more perceptive of persuasive language. Tools for Analyzing Dimensions of Language and Persuasive Symbols First, a brief background in the three dimensions of language discussed throughout this paper. The functional, semantic, or thematic dimensions of language as previously mentioned are often used in parallel with each other. Due, to this fact it is important to be able to identify them as they take place and differentiate between these dimensions i... ... middle of paper ... ...an is capable of persuading his audience into accepting his simplistic views of the world. He makes it easier to rationalize with his stance by his strategic use of sentence structure and word choice. When analyzing a past speech or interpreting a speech as it is given, upmost priority should be given to analytical tools for analyzing persuasive symbols and language. Whether the topic at hand is motivated by great emotions as it is here or not, the audience can easily be swayed in one direction surprisingly based only on universal comprehension. References Larson, C. U. (2010). Persuasion: Reception and Responsibility. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Reagan, Ronald. “The Space Shuttle “Challenger” Tragedy Address.” American Rhetoric. IN. 28 Jan. 1986. Presidential Address.
One ordinary man finds himself standing in a colossal room. He looks into the audience, seeing an overwhelming amount of strangers who each share a slightly different opinion on the subject at hand. How can one individual spark a fire in the minds of such an eclectic group? Al Gore, an American politician and environmentalist, encounters this exact situation. He wishes to spread his message on global warming and inspire the audience to take action. Persuading just one person is an arduous task, but effectively confronting an entire audience requires extensive knowledge on persuasive tactics. The speaker must have a playbook containing an array of rhetorical strategies that are dispersed throughout the entire presentation. The playbook needs
Politicians use many different ways to persuade the intended audience. The speech to the Berlin Wall, and the speech to the Virginia Convention were both similar in ways of impacting people and using the same form of persuasion, but different when it came to a sense of hope, time periods, and the reasoning. Reagan and Henry use different different modes of persuasion.
Summary – It is quite difficult to avoid any persuasive acts while resisting them at the same time. Being prepared with knowledge of how easy it is to be manipulated, controlled, seduced, etc. allows us to open up to the use of rhetoric.
Authors and speakers alike use some type of persuasion on their intended audience. They often try to make you agree with their argument before considering other factors. Persuasive writing often has a copious amount of logical fallacies, defined by the Perdue Online Writing Lab as “errors in reasoning that will undermine the logic”, despite that they tend to have success with sympathetic audiences. Wendell Berry’s essay “The Whole Horse” is an example. Berry is likely to persuade his conservationist audience because of his use of emotive language.
Effectively communicating an idea or opinion requires several language techniques. In his study of rhetoric, Aristotle found that persuasion was established through three fundamental tools. One is logos, which is used to support an argument through hard data and statistics. Another is ethos, which is the credibility of an author or speaker that allows an audience to conclude from background information and language selection a sense of knowledge and expertise of the person presenting the argument. The impact of pathos, however, is the most effective tool in persuasion due to the link between emotions and decisions. Although each of these tools can be effective individually, a combination of rhetorical devices when used appropriately has the ability to sway an audience toward the writer’s point of view.
In his “Challenger Explosion” speech, Pres. Ronald Reagan comforts the nation in the aftermath of NASA’s Challenger Space Shuttle exploded shortly after takeoff killing all seven astronauts. In this speech, he used rhetorical devices, such as alliteration, allusion, anaphora, and euphemism to relay his feelings of sadness and grief.
In this paper I am going to discuss the rhetorical appeals, as well as the argumentative structure, audience and purpose set forth by George W. Bush in his September 27 speech in Flagstaff, Arizona. More specifically I will refer to the rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos, and explain how they are used to gain the support and attention of the audience and further the further the purpose of the speech. As I explain these appeals I will also give an insight into the argumentative structure and why it is apparent in this particular speech.
From the most basic of functions like recognition and storage to the complexities of discourse and cultural expression, language functions are an integral and pervasive component of the human experience. In these pages I have sought to describe the operation of the six language functions through the analogy of a figure skater and a dancer. Each skill builds upon the next to weave the intricate set of skills and abilities that humans have uniquely developed to share information and each other’s experiences of the world.
1.) Rank’s easy-to-use, analytical tool is called the intensify/downplay model, and its goal is to help you to become more critical and analytical receivers. It defines and gives examples of four major persuasive strategies and six associated tactics that are often used by persuaders today. (Larson, 2007 page 31) Ranks major strategy is to either intensify certain aspects of the product, cause or candidate. His other strategy is to downplay certain aspects of their brand, cause or candidate. (Larson, 2007 page 31) The intensification and downplay strategies include, to intensify their own good points, intensify the weak points of the opposition, downplay their own weak points, and downplay the good points of the opposition. The tactics that most persuaders use for intensification are repetition, association, and composition to intensify their own good points. Rank’s downplay tactics include omission, diversion and confusion. “Any of these tactics can be used logically or emotionally.” (Larson, 2007 pg. 31) For example commercials today don’t show the hidden meaning and try to persuad...
Every source has an audience, and there is expected to have exigence and constraints. Everything is connected with each other, there has to be a rhetor that will teach about exigence, audience and constraints. After that, what was learned is going to be put into practice on texts or in our daily life (Gorrell 398). Throughout the letter, the mother used the same technique to approach her propositions to her daughter. She used appropriate language to obtain her daughter’s attention, there was exigence because her tone of speech throughout the letter was firm and the constraints were stated by talking about the pros and cons. Understanding the main argument is essential in persuading someone. Performing a rhetorical analysis is always needed,
Successful persuasion, such as this public service announcement, is dependent on the audience’s appeal to logic otherwise known as logos, which is Greek for “reason.” The first use of logical reasoning which strikes the audiences’ interest in the PSA, “Rewind the Future: Stop
The English language is filled with words that help convey meaning to stories without saying the actual meaning. These useful words are called figures of language and not only are they important in daily life, but they are a necessity in books and plays to deliver to the point home to the reader or make him on her laugh. The English language is an extremely complex and diverse collection of words. This is one of the many reasons why English is a worldwide language, because there are thousands of way to express a single thought.
In this essay, I will provide 10 examples of persuasion through my own experiences and what I see on the media. I will carefully look at each example and determine whether it uses commitment and consistency, credibility, Elaboration Likelihood Model, liking, reciprocation, social proof, message factors, theories and models, compliance strategies, language, and interpersonal and mass persuasion including nonverbal.
Aristotle and Hugh Blair’s understanding of persuasion affected their communication behaviors. The way that Aristotle and Blair understood persuasion influenced the content of their messages, the channels that they used to deliver their messages, and the way that they responded to adversity when delivering their messages. Both persuasionists have been influential throughout history and have given invaluable tools to those that desire to gain influence through the use of
Alfano, Christine and Alyssa J.O'brien. Envision understanding strategies of persuasion 4the. chapter3. Published by Longman Copyright © 2014. 31october 2013