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The concept of postmodernism
Postmodernism analysis
The concept of postmodernism
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There is a war raging in Christianity between modernism and postmodernism. Basically in a purely modern society, Christianity becomes a derelict in God’s own creation. Christians yearn to do away with old traditions and rush in the new movement. Many intellectuals define modernism as a period of skepticism, little faith, tons of sin, and “a religion without religion present (28).” The forefather, postmodernism hails out of Paris, France; therefore, it carries heavy French “philosophical influences (19).” The postmodernism movement is like a “chameleon that takes on whatever characteristics” one desires from it (19). Is postmodernism a monster or savior of sorts? James K.A. Smith attempts to disclose the answer to this very question in his book, …show more content…
Smith attempts to find the best in each theory of philosophy and uses that good to show two sides to the story. The author searches to find the best in each theory as a Christian would search to find the best in another human being. Postmodernism challenges Christians to readopt ancient church traditions. Smith believes that a balance between the old and new would be the perfect solution. The ancient tradition of Easter is still the same today as it was centuries ago. Most churches show the highest number of baptisms during the Easter period. “The association of Easter with baptism is very ancient.” The symbolization of new clothing during Easter Sunday signifies the beginning of a new life in Christ. Easter Sunday is a busy day for all churches, and even the secular world recognizes this day by attending annual services. Easter is a tradition for whatever reason mankind still celebrates in the same manner today. It is evident that Smith desires us to learn from our past mistakes and use that to build a more solid foundation for postmodern Christianity. Publishers Weekly sums up Smith’s whole purpose of this book by stating, “postmodern Christianity’s most powerful contribution could be a return to ancient, postmodern church traditions and liturgy” (Publishers Weekly (2006, January 30). Just like Paikea in the Whale Rider, Christians must take the risk of learning to ride whales (135). At times, this book is a hard pill to swallow, but in the end Smith wins his argument it is my belief that Smith wins his argument and we as Christians must return to ancient traditions for the survival of
Shirihai, H. and B. Jarrett (2006). Whales, Dolphins and Other Marine Mammals of the World. Princeton, Princeton University Press. p.185-188.
Orcas, also known as killer whales, are amazingly intelligent and are a top predator, much like humans. However, when the top predator of the ocean collides with the top predator of land, the situation can become fatal for both humans and the whales. Holding these incredibly massive marine animals in captivity is not only inhumane and detrimental to the whale’s health, but also a potentially fatal activity for humans to participate in.
By being in Washington, he feels a strong sense to emulate the historical value to fight for and help the American people. Smith, therefore, immediately begins writing a bill for a National Boys Camp to benefit boys across the country to learn simple life skills. By doing so, Smith does not simply look out for his own needs (e.g. his own wealth and power), but for the needs of others. Therefore, such characteristics of Smith are the complete opposite of those around him. As a result, Smith becomes are victim to the abuse of power by his fellow senator Joseph Paine and the political machine of Jim Taylor. Smith and his bill is seen as a threat and he is consequently wrongfully accused in an effort by Taylor and Paine to not lose their deathly grip on their selfish control. However, in the end, Paine cannot continue to live his life of selfish advancement and cannot bare to see Smith suffer any longer. As a way to pacify Smith’s sufferings and his own internal sufferings, Paine ends up confessing his part in pushing the graft of the
Astounding aquatic performances, petrifying roller coasters, interactive petting zoos, and riveting informational tours; there is never a dull moment to be had at SeaWorld, world-renowned aquatic theme park. Best of all, the crowning moment of the day, a spectacular performance by the park’s most famous entertainers — killer whales. Each weighing in at thousands of pounds, these gentle giants preform all sorts of tricks for the eager audience, from waving to the audience to jumping from the water to soaking the eager onlookers with a massive splash. However, these massive beasts may not be as harmless as the park portrays. One such evidence is a documentary titled Blackfish. Throughout his documentary, Gabriela Cowperthwaite effectively turns his large audience against the park by revealing many hidden dark truths.
I would like to explore one of the questions posed to us by Professor which is “How can we make the positive aspects of postmodernism work in our favor?” Or even more specifically, the positive and neutral elements of postmodernism, work in the favor of the Christian worldview and thought. We will start by first exploring the basic tenants of postmodernism and a brief history of where it has been and where it is currently, revealing multiple advantages for the Christian worldview in the engagement of a postmodern.
In the movie Blackfish we get a glimpse into the lives and relationships of the whales and the trainers. The documentary Blackfish premiered in 2013 bringing to attention the deaths surrounding Sea World’s whales and the training and holding of killer whales in captivity. It also goes on to explain how Sea World is lying and keeping things from their employees. The film also talks about how killer whales interact with other killer whales and how they are very social creatures in their pods. The film also shows previous trainers looking back on the relationships and experiences they had with the whales while working at Sea World. Many of the trainers mention the relationship and teamwork they put in while working with these animals.
Igor Stravinsky makes for a first-class example of differences and similarities between neoclassicism and modernism. Modernism is defined as “A term used in music to denote a multi-faceted but distinct and continuous tradition within 20th-century composition”1, while neoclassicism may be defined as “A movement of style in the works of certain 20th-century composers, who, particularly during the period between the two world wars, revived the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processes of earlier styles to replace what were, to them, the increasingly exaggerated gestures and formlessness of late Romanticism”2 By not only comparing his works to others but within his own body of work the two movements can be better distinguished. Stravinsky composed in both styles throughout his musical career making his works not only a prime example but a map for the transition between periods/movements, thus giving distinctness to the movements. Stravinsky “cultivated a flexible and reciprocal association with his changing environment. While consistently producing work which transformed the sensibilities of those who heard it, he himself continuously allowed his own sensibilities to be fed, even transformed, by the music and music-making of others.”3 By comparing and contrasting the works of Stravinsky with not only his own works, but with his contemporary's of the early 20th century, the division and resemblances between neoclassicism and modernism can be thoroughly observed.
Modernism is defined in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary as "a self-conscious break with the past and a search for new forms of expression." While this explanation does relate what modernism means, the intricacies of the term go much deeper. Modernism began around 1890 and waned around 1922. Virginia Wolf once wrote, "In or about December, 1910, human character changed." (Hurt and Wilkie 1443). D.H. Lawrence wrote a similar statement about 1915: "It was 1915 the old world ended." (Hurt and Wilkie 1444). The importance of the exact dates of the Modernist period are not so relevant as the fact that new ideas were implemented in the era. Ideas that had never before been approached in the world of literature suddenly began emerging in the works of many great authors. Two of the pioneer Modernist writers were Joseph Conrad and T.S. Eliot. The tendencies to question the incontestable beliefs embedded in all thinking and to focus on the inner self dominated. Old viewpoints were tossed aside to make way for the discovery of modern man's personal spirituality. Two works that are considered important forbears in the Modern period are T.S. Eliot's The Wasteland and Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness.
Before postmodernism can be understood clearly a brief understanding of modernism needs to be contextualised and explained. The modernist movement started to form in the late 19th and early 20th century, some of the forming factors of modernism came from the rapid growth of the modern industrial societies and the horror that arose form World War I. Many modernists rejected enlightened thinking and gave up all religious beliefs (CITE). Some of the most important characteristics of the modern movement directly contradict the characteristics of postmodernism. After what happened in World War I the modernist started to reject the past with that in mind
There are significant turning points in church history that pivot upon new interpretations of rediscoveries of the Gospel. In other words,the idea that in times of crisis there will arise persons who turn to the Bible, in particular to the New Testament, and renew attempts to live according to the narrative of the Gospel. “Many Catholics and Protestants are looking back to Benedict for the community and spiritual intensity they can't find in modern culture”(Chris Armstrong).“For over a millennium, in the centuries between the reign of Constantine and the Protestant Reformation, almost everything in the church that approached the highest, noblest, and truest ideals of the gospel was done either by those who had chosen the monastic way or by those who had been inspired in their Christian life by the monks.” The history of the church is filled with movements that have helped Christians define their faith against cultural and political movements which run contrary to the spirit of the Gospel. Which is basically saying people
Every chapter about whaling, from how to eat a whale to the names of heroic whalers, brings the reader closer, inch by inch, to a world they cannot otherwise experience on their own. They make the reader feel more connected to a story brimming with technicalities and sailor jargon that might, if left unexplained, be off-putting. While Melville's cetology lessons may have been entertaining and informative for his reader at the time, they also lay an essential, factual foundation upon which he can build the fantasy of the legend of Moby Dick. Melville provides encyclopedic, overwhelming lists of facts, but on occasion his facts are less than truthful, especially with regard to the White Whale. He routinely exaggerates the whale's dimensions from those given in his reference books, attempting to make the generally peaceful sperm whale seem more ferocious. To the reader, it should not matter whether or not Moby Dick is a scientifically accurate account of whale
Nevertheless, John Smith remains arrogant, determined that his culture is superior: “We will show you people how to make the most of the land. We will build roads and decent houses.” A mid-shot of Smith strutting to the accompaniment of unstable, soft, music, emphasizes his arrogance. Smith constantly assumes that his way is the righteous way “You don’t know any
116-117). The authors argue that modernism can find its roots in the Enlightenment era (Kim et al., 2009, p. 117). At the start of the Enlightenment, work was founded in Biblical perspectives, and it was not until the nineteenth century that the Biblical perspective begin to be phased out (Kim et al., 2009, p. 117). The phasing into a non-Biblical standpoint was in part caused by the work of Charles Darwin (Kim et al., 2009, p. 117). Later, arguments are made that modernism no longer aligned with the roots of Christianity, and that all truths rested within scientific reasoning (Kim et al., 2009, p.
Modernism can be defined as the post-industrial revolutionary era, where which the western world began to see a change in all spheres of living. The effects of the industrial revolution became prevalent towards the end of the nineteenth century and the modernist movement drew inspiration from this widespread change. Artists, writers, architects, designers and musicians, all began to embrace the changing world and denounce their pre-taught doctrines and previous ways of producing work. Society felt the urge to progressively move forward toward a modern way of thinking and living.
Although the Cold War seems to be an ideological rivalry between the capitalism and capitalism, it accidentally catalyzes a great myriad of transnational cooperation and the reinvention of liberalism. Liberalism has evolved to be a dominant political ideology, neoliberalism, since 1970s. The notion of neoliberalism is that transnational institutions are conducive to global changes, harmony and prosperity through launching international programme. Differed from other theories solely recognizing the sovereign states as the only actor, neoliberalism also emphasizes the participation of other actors, such as the transnational corporations (TNC), which are the enterprises conduct economic activities or production of goods and services in multiple states, and non-governmental organizations (NGO). Besides, neoliberalism does not only attend to high-political issues, for instances, collective security, but also the low-politics in economic and cultural aspects. In the light of the main theme of neoliberalism, one may also conclude globalization is beneficial to all. Still, globalization would also engender some challenges, for instances, the North/ South division, to all. Therefore, this thesis destines