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Causes and effects of the revolution
Causes and effects of the revolution
Causes and effects of the revolution
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In The Cowshed, Ji Xianlin provides a recollection of the Cultural Revolution that is both similar and dissimilar to other memoirs. As a professor at Peking University, Ji Xianlin was one of many intellectuals and academics that were targeted by the Red Guards. His description of his experiences of struggle sessions or reform through labor in The Cowshed was not unlike those faced by his peers. Instead of presenting his experiences in anger, Ji Xianlin presents his experience of the Cultural Revolution from the perspective of someone who deserved punishment, not a victim. Moreover, despite everything he experienced, Ji Xianlin remained a loyal supporter of the Communist Party.
Ji Xianlin states that the goal of his memoir is to create an
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For example, he writes that he disagreed with Nie Yuanzi as he saw her actions as contradictory to the direction of the revolution, and against his understanding of Marxist-Leninist Communist leadership (The Cowshed, 33 - 34). He maintains that his peasant background and positions as university professor and union leader should have been evidence his support of Communism instead of a capitalist intellectual (The Cowshed, 61 - 62). From this, we see that Ji Xianlin’s critique of the the Cultural Revolution and Red Guards was as much rooted in its inhumane treatment of people, but instead in the fact that the actions of the Red Guards was not …show more content…
Despite the death of Mao in 1976 and the trial of the Gang of Four in 1980, the Cultural Revolution continues to hold significant influence over China’s political decisions. This is particularly evident in 1989, during the Tiananmen Incident. Despite the celebration of the May Fourth student movement as the catalyst in the formation of the Communist Party, Deng Xiaoping (a victim of the Cultural Revolution) and other hardline Party members were adamantly against the gathering of students in Tiananmen Square. The experience of the Cultural Revolution has led Chinese political leaders to be cautious about large scale political movements, and student activism in particular. The lingering resonance of the Cultural Revolution is also evident in the fact that the CCP saw the need to address Mao’s responsibility while trying to maintain his legitimacy and importance as the ideological leader of the Party. Furthermore, the Cultural Revolution remains one of the most censored and unclear topics in China, indicating that the movement was much more impactful on the CCP’s political strategy than perhaps they would hope to admit. Simultaneously, the Cultural Revolution may also be diminishing in resonance over time, as many young people are simply unaware of the movement occurring at all, or not fully aware of its implications in Chinese
In the very beginning, Ji Li is confidently dedicated to the revolution, but then slowly starts to discover the despicable truth. Ji-Li thinks, " We thanked heaven that Chairman Mao had started this Cultural Revolution… otherwise we would not have even known we were in trouble. What a frightening idea." (38). This quote depicts Ji-Li's thoughts on Chairman Mao as she started off in the beginning; an exemplary student and daughter of Chairman Mao. Her first carefree opinion is quickly countered when she is told she cannot participate in the audition. "'Ji-Li, the fact is that our family will not be able to pass the investigation'…For a long time I did not speak. ‘Why?' I whispered at last." (9). When she is told at this early point in the revolution she would not pass the audition, she is only getting an insidious whiff of what is to come, but has not experienced anything that would be wrong with her family, the revolution, or otherwise the world up until then. Although small, her first glimpse at the tormenting trials that are to come start to penetrate into her oblivious mind, and make her start to think...
The Cultural Revolution in China was led by Mao Zedong, due to this Liang and many others faced overwhelming obstacles in many aspects of their life such as work, family and everyday encounters, if affected everyone’s families life and education, Liang lets us experience his everyday struggles during this era, where the government determined almost every aspect of life.
Schoenhals, Michael. China's Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969: Not a Dinner Party. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. Print.
Ah Cheng’s book, King of Tree, gives reader a firsthand experience at the Chinese Cultural Revolutions in the late 1960’s and 1970’s. The most interesting thing about the book is it gives the reader the point view of Cheng, but barely mention about the cultural revolutions directly in the book. This means he left reader to interpret his writing for themselves and draw any conclusion they want. Narrator was critical and as the same time forgiving for this period. Narrator is critical about his life style during Cultural Revolution and he is critical why he is teaching school when he is not qualified to be a teacher. On other hand he is forgiving for this period because he does not mention it by name.
Ever since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the legitimacy of the revolution of which it was built upon has perennially been in question. For example, in a 1999 issue of the International Herald Tribune, a prestigious scholar claimed that all of China’s tragedies are ‘sustained by a mistaken belief in the correctness of the 1949 revolution’ and that the future progress of China depends on the recognition that the revolution was a failure. However, the CCP government was certainly not perfect and its most significant failures were its political failures such as the Anti-rightist movement and the Cultural Revolution and also economic failures such as the great leap forward. Millions of peoples were falsely accused and persecuted during the political movements of the Mao period as the CCP focused on class struggle instead of economic development during the period and tens of Millions of peoples died due to starvation as there were widespread food shortages during the great leap forward movement.
Jonathan Spence tells his readers of how Mao Zedong was a remarkable man to say the very least. He grew up a poor farm boy from a small rural town in Shaoshan, China. Mao was originally fated to be a farmer just as his father was. It was by chance that his young wife passed away and he was permitted to continue his education which he valued so greatly. Mao matured in a China that was undergoing a threat from foreign businesses and an unruly class of young people who wanted modernization. Throughout his school years and beyond Mao watched as the nation he lived in continued to change with the immense number of youth who began to westernize. Yet in classes he learned classical Chinese literature, poems, and history. Mao also attained a thorough knowledge of the modern and Western world. This great struggle between modern and classical Chinese is what can be attributed to most of the unrest in China during this time period. His education, determination and infectious personalit...
“I don’t want to be part of this kind of denying reality. We live in this time. We have to speak out” (Klayman). Ai Weiwei is an internationally known Chinese artist as well as activist, and his motivation and determination can be summed up by this quote. In all of his pieces, Weiwei critically examines the social and administrative issues facing China today. Many of his works exhibit multiple themes that can be interpreted in various different ways. This lends itself to the universal appeal of his art and makes it a more effective medium of conveying his messages to viewers. Ai Weiwei’s activist artwork—and activist artwork in general—is important to society because it effectively forces the viewer to engage in a self-reflective process that makes the viewer critically examine his or her own beliefs and world. Nevertheless, censorship greatly hinders the dissemination of the critical and thought provoking messages of Ai Weiwei’s art and makes his artwork less effective. In order to gain a better understanding of the relationship of Ai Weiwei’s activist art and the Communist Party’s subsequent censorship, I will examine Ai Weiwei’s influential childhood, his specific brand of activist artwork, the censorship of the Chinese government and the effects of censorship on the effectiveness of Ai Weiwei’s art.
Chinese Revolution is about making the entire country into Communists and killing each and one the people who hates Mao Tse-Tung. Mao Tse-Tung is the leader of China at this time who believes in equality and everyone should have the same rights. The Red Guards is a military group in which includes a group of children that eliminates the Chinese population due to hatred for Mao. If any of these events happen to our generation, most youth are smart enough to know that Mao is a bad leader and killing innocent people by the case of bitterness for Mao is wrong. The Chinese youth got swept up in the Cultural Revolution by Mao because the youth were easy to persuade into doing something. To expand this idea further, the Chinese youth weren’t old enough, not on this specific age, to realize whether Mao’s actions were virtuous or inaccurate. On the other hand, they thought that working for Mao and joining the Red Guards will help their country out, but they never knew the truth behind Mao’s plans. The truth about the Cultural Revolution was to kill anybody that gets in the way of Mao’s plans and destroying all the old buildings so that it would be replaced with new buildings or reconstruct the old buildings to become brand new again. In addition, the Chinese youth had no idea that joining the Red Guards will give a highly chance of getting killed. In other words, the adults were smarter than the youth because joining the Red Guards means the opposite of helping the country out. Mao just made them think that joining will help their country, even though it was the other way around like someone apologizing to their neighbor in which manipulating their minds that they’re now cool, but they were still rude to them afterwards. To repeat this, t...
Mao’s Cultural Revolution was an attempt to create a new culture for China. Through education reforms and readjustments, Mao hoped to create a new generation of Chinese people - a generation of mindless Communists. By eliminating intellectuals via the Down to the Countryside movement, Mao hoped to eliminate elements of traditional Chinese culture and create a new form Chinese culture. He knew that dumbing down the masses would give him more power so his regime would be more stable. This dramatic reform affected youth especially as they were targeted by Mao’s propaganda and influence. Drawing from his experiences as an Educated Youth who was sent down to the countryside Down to the Countryside movement, Ah Cheng wrote The King of Children to show the effects of the Cultural Revolution on education, and how they affected the meaning people found in education. In The King of Children, it is shown that the Cultural Revolution destroyed the traditional incentives for pursuing an education, and instead people found moral and ethical meaning in pursuing an education.
It can also be inferred that Ji-Li is being swayed into the words, although her family does not agree. This is understandable, though, because he is all she knows as a leader and it naturally makes sense for her to really consider what is going on and accept it. She seems to want to agree with him, but what exactly is holding the Chinese back? Has the Chairman given a valid reason for the revolution, bringing in the fact that many people died from this revolution that accomplished nothing. Correspondingly, as we see Ji-Li speak of about why the four olds should be rid of, we now see one of the early effects of it in the following passage. Days after Ji-Li has that conversation with her grandmother, all of the four olds signs were being taken down and all of the shops had been renamed. Her parents do not agree with what is happening either as we find out, their occupations do not align with what is wanted in China and what is needed to be taken out. “The newspapers and the radio said so. I knew the movement was vital to our country’s future, and I did not understand how Mom and Dad could not be interested in it. It was almost unbelievable. Within a couple of days almost all the four olds shop signs had been removed. The stores we had talked about had all been renamed.” The Cultural Revolution in China lasted from
The Red Guard strove to remove and destroy the Four Olds, foreign influence, enemies of the Party and the current societal structure by persecuting those who supposedly perpetuated them. All vestiges of outdated customs, habits, culture and ideas were to be destroyed, since the movement represented “a triumph of youth over age, of ‘the new’ over ‘the old.’” To do so, the Red Guard wrecked thousands of art collections and the contents of libraries, and changed “reactionary” street signs. They persecuted members of the public who attempted to stop them or refused to give up the Four Olds. Those who had foreign ties, like businessmen, missionaries, or who had western education were also persecuted to prevent backwards or rightist ideologies from spreading into the new Chinese society. Chinese intellectuals were also hounded for the same reason: to prevent free thought. The messages of the movement were “negative—against the established authority, against the Party, against the military” and the outdated structures of the older generation. To destroy the established order, the Red Guards attacked educational and political institutions that were enemies of Mao and the party, and created general havoc within China. The Red Guard targeted teachers, education policies, and universities to change the core of education and the qualities that it had extolled. Members of the general public and even party officials themselves were attacked, to remove the “capitalist roaders” with bourgeois tendencies from society. Mao hoped that in this chaos a new communist China would emerge.
Artifact B Historical Records on Qin Shihuang’s creation of China is perhaps the most predictive of the subsequent Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution during the 1950-60’s. Hessler shows that by the Qin Shihuang’s standardization and acts like writing a new history when he rose to power, the effects are still lasting in the modern government. Mao Zedong had disrupted the regime and turned to communism, restructuring many policies that resulted in an insular China. Like how Qin Shihuang standardized the Chinese language, “Mao commanded that a number of characters be simplified, and he hoped to replace them with an alphabet” (228). Simplifying the language was not the only controversial policy that Mao Zedong instilled, and there was general unrest throughout the country that culminated in the Tiananmen Square protests.
The revolution halted the progress China was making towards modernization and harmed the country’s economy significantly. The Cultural Revolution only did harm to China and stopped the prosperity it was gaining from earlier revolutions in 1900’s due to the fear of old culture, restoring capitalism, and counterrevolutionary ideas. The memoir by Rae Yang, Spider Eaters: A Memoir perfectly captures the true nature of the revolution. The destruction of China’s culture, people, and household is portrayed all throughout this memoir. One of the main aspects of the Cultural Revaluation was the formation
Fan Shen’s doubts surrounding the communist regime begin, as he writes, because of an incident that occurs when two factions of the Red Guard confront each other at a University in Beijing. His childhood best friend, Baby Dragon, had contacted his sister who headed one of the conflicting groups, and, as a result, Fan Shen finds himself battling against “Mao’s Vanguards”. After seeing Dragon Sister and her men ransack Li Ling’s house for being too anti-communist, Fan Shen reveres “The United Red Action Committee” and their members as being the most communist group of the Red Guard that he has ever seen, but after the skirmish in the University the group is arrested for being “scheming enemies of the Great Leader.” Despite the fact that this
...ng the time of the Chinese Cultural Revolution, mayhem was a part of everyday life. Mao Zedong encouraged rebellious actions from the Red Guards, and rewarded those who shone as leaders. He also targeted his political rivals by provoking the Red Guards to follow his ideas, and annihilate all remnants of china?s old culture. After the revolution ended, the Red guards received the disciplinary actions they deserved, and the tortured victims finally inadvertently received the vengeance they deserved.