The backfire effect occurs when correcting a belief proves to be counterproductive. When there is evidence against people’s beliefs, people reject that evidence and believe even more strongly in their initial beliefs, according to the backfire effect. The confirmation bias is conceptually related to the backfire effect because people want to be correct and this leads them to find evidence that supports their view. People do not look for information that disconfirms their opinion so when others try to correct people’s beliefs, their plan backfires. People also tend to remember information that supports their belief and forget information that disconfirms their belief.
Although placed in the offense section of the book, the technique labeled “set a backfire” (Thank You For Arguing, page 102) seems to contain a defense mechanism. Instead of waiting for the full fury of someone you may have wronged by making a mistake, setting up a backfire for yourself gives yourself a chance at extinguishing a part of the flame through generating sympathy. The tool requires that the persuader live up to their mistake, provide examples of how he or she attempted to rectify the mistake, and show how disappointed you are in yourself for making the mistake in the first
We definitely notice how quick people are to judge others by their statements and beliefs if they go against our own- but if it’s our own belief, we tend to defend it until the end. In this point, Haidt talks about the confirmation bias, which is the tendency to seek out and interpret new evidence in ways that confirm what you already think. People tend to think “there is evidence that supports my theory, therefore my theory is right.” The main point in topic number three is that people tend to be close-minded when it comes to being wrong. No one likes to be wrong, so we tend to find ways that support how we feel and what we think is right in order to justify out thoughts and feelings. Our intuitions come first, our strategic reasoning comes
Confirmation Bias: A perfect example would pertain to when the victims of sexual assault from the University of North Carolina stuck together, they bonded when no one else would listen and believe them. They sought out each other and many others around the United States as the film continued until they had proven their point. The two women, Andrea and Annie just kept moving forward while avoiding those that
Thought processes can greatly influence people's social interactions, and the way that they live their lives. Cognitions develop how people perceive themselves and others on a daily basis. It is important to investigate how people attribute actions and behaviors exhibited, not only by themselves, but also those around them. These attributions shape the way an observer feels and reacts to others, and how people feel about themselves due to their own actions. The correspondence bias (fundamental attribution error) and the self-serving bias are two errors made in attribution by virtually every human being (Baron & Byrne, 2000). Both of these biases can be shown not only in adults, but also children (Guern, 1999). Even sport spectators display these biases when watching their favorite teams (Wann & Schrader, 2000). When the self-serving bias is absent in people's cognitions, they will show the self-defeating attributions. It is important to study people that demonstrate self-defeating attributions, because these individuals also show symptoms of depression (Wall & Hayes, 2000). Clearly, attributions are an imperative aspect of social cognition. Attributional bias is discussed by Marie Beesley. It is also important to investigate the factors that affect people's judgment biases in decision making and reasoning skills, which is explored by Amanda Wheeler. Because these two processes are so vital to the way in which people perceive themselves and others, and to the way a person chooses to behave, it is important to understand the factors that can cause inaccurate judgments. Judgment biases affect the way people form conclusions and make attributions about others, as well as abou...
From bandwagoning the Golden State Warriors in the NBA Finals to social trends and dances, bandwagoning has played a role in society across generations. The bandwagon effect is when beliefs, conduct, or ideas are blindly adopted by individuals solely because they are following the “herd”. The bandwagon effect has been proved in psychological studies to be a form of conformity or “groupthink” in social psychology (Bloom, Ali). In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, bandwagoning can be observed in 17th century Salem Massachusetts. This topic has plagued generations since the beginning of time, hindering individualism and personal growth in very serious ways. I intend to explore this effect and why we as humans have this desire, what this effect
Debunkingmadelaeffect.com states “The tendency to search for, interpret, or recall information in a way that confirms one’s beliefs or hypotheses.”
Growing up in a very accepting and forward home, I always found myself to be free of most bias. Having been the target of some racial prejudice in the past, I always told myself that I would make sure nobody else had to feel the same way. While this may be a great way to think, it really only covers the fact that you will not have any explicit bias. What I have realized during the course of this class is that implicit bias often has a much stronger effect on us than we might think, and even the most conscious people can be affected.
Research Demonstration: The False Consensus Effect In science, we emphasize systematic, careful observation as a key to overcoming the limits of other methods of acquiring knowledge. That is, we trust systematic observation more than we trust our own intuition. We can actually investigate this issue. The following description provides you with the details necessary to conduct a simple study to investigate the accuracy of human intuition. We often believe that others are more like ourselves than they really are.
The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) is a concept within social psychology that assumes when someone is aggressive, it is due to a flaw in their personality as opposed to a reaction to their personal circumstances (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). However, there is typically a situational reason for the other person’s behavior that is not taken into account through the FAE (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2015). I have been guilty of making the FAE myself; for example, I can think of two situations where my frustration led me to believe that there were flaws in my antagonists’ characters. Recently, my mother wanted me to assist my brother in scheduling classes for the semester. Since I was annoyed that my mother was insisting that I assist him when
In Blindspot we read a lot about biases people have and that many do not even know they have a bias. When Zehr makes this statement in The Little Book of Restorative Justice we can see that he will more than likely have biases. These biases that he has are called implicit biases. Implicit biases are biases people have but they don’t realize that they have a bias. Zehr doesn’t say that he has biases but from taking the IAT test we know that almost everyone has some bias without even knowing it. In our class very few people were in the middle which means that they did not have a preference when we took these tests.
Bibb Latané and John Darley, two psychologists, studied the bystander effect during their experimentation after the murder of Kitty Genovese. The Bystander Effect refers to the effect that bystanders have during the intervention of an emergency. Latané and Darley used a series of experiments to look at different aspects of the bystander effect; The series of experiments included smoke, a lady in distress, hand in the till, stolen beer, “children don’t fight like that,” and fit to be tried (Latané & Darley, 1970). Latané and Darley asked, “What is the underlying force in mankind toward altruism?” and “what determines in a particular situation whether one person will help another?” Their hypothesis was that “the number of other people present
Gender has been a much discussed topic for intuitional bias. One example of this is the United States military. Women have been excluded from positions in combat for years; the ban was finally lifted recently (Nindl, B. C., Jones, B. H., Van Arsdale, S. J., Kelly, K., & Kraemer, W. J. ,2016). The main argument was that women were not physically strong enough or capable to complete the tasks. There is a physical test that must be passed before you can be considered for a combat position and there are women who pass the test. There is a very strong bias in the military. Women have been represented in other fields of the military such as health care, but due to the changes this may change in the future. Women have been caretakers in the past
I have learned that bias is very hard to overcome, but acknowledging its basis can help change the lenses I view the world through.
Confirmation bias is the act of assuming or favoring information based on personal beliefs or theories. As we live in a surprising world where a lot of unbelievable and shocking things happen, we are more than likely, as human beings motivated by personal beliefs and wishful thinking, to jump into conclusion based on those ideas and concepts.
For this week's discussion the theory that resonated with me the most is the Cognitive Behavioral Theory with Dr. Krumboltz. I have always been drawn to the CBT, as I feel that an individual's negative or destructive behaviors can be changed for the better with the right intervention, client understanding, acceptance and awareness of their role in their behavior. Dr. Krumboltz terms this as a learning approach (01:35). The video displays Dr. Krumboltz and his client Robin discussing the issues Robin is experiencing with her mother-in-law, as well as the impact those issues at times have on her marriage.