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Hate speech and the first amendment
Symbols of ignorance
Hate speech and the first amendment
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Wearing a swastika armband in public should be illegal because it violates the offense principle. The swastika is largely tied to Adolf Hitler and the Nazis during the time of the Holocaust. It was used in a time filled with such hate and ethnic cleansing. Today its presence is often used by extremist groups who want to continue to promote hate and endorse “racially pure” states. Therefore, the use of the swastika symbol has taken on a cultural meaning that will always have a negative and harmful connotation. One that can cause fear, anger, humiliation, and serious offense when seen by others which is to cause "another to experience a mental state of universally disliked kind” or in other words a violation of the offense principle (Feinberg, …show more content…
p. 2). According to the offense principle there is a morally sufficient reason to limit a persons liberty if it would prevent or reduce another person from being offended.
Therefore, there would be 1) a wrongful disliked mental state 2) in violation of a persons rights (setback to their interests) in order for something to violate the offense principle. Only wrongful disliked mental states in violation of a persons right allows for the need to prevent “some people from wrongfully offending others” through the use of legislation (Feinberg, p. 1). However, the offensive act “must be taken by the offended person to wrong him [or her] whether in fact it does or not” (Feinberg, p. 2). The use of the swastika armband is a good example of offense in the strict sense. This is because the conventional symbol is deemed offensive and wrong whether or not the victim feels that they have been wronged when being confronted with it (Feinberg, p. 2). Subsequently, the very existence of the swastika has a profound offensiveness to it whether seen or not. It is not simply that the swastika symbol on the armband causes personal resentment or caused an experience that one would like to avoid, but it is the fact that “one is outraged at the offending conduct [of the wearing of swastika armband] quite independent of the effect on oneself” (Feinberg, “Offenses to Others”, p. 93). Simply because it offensive in and of
itself. It is well known that the swastika has no other purpose, but to injure, insult, and threaten those who view it. Its historical connotation shows proof of the large amount of cruelty that has come about whenever the symbol is displayed (Feinberg, “Offenses to Others”, p. 95). It has been used for the support of Nazi’s and political rallies “not to advocate [for new] policies, enter political debates, or persuade audiences, but rather to shock, insult, terrorize, and intimidate” those who view it (Feinberg, “Offenses to Others”, p. 95). This conventional symbol causes personal harm and violations of rights (setbacks to interests) which is a morally sufficient reason to limit a person’s liberty to display it. It is not used privately where the offense principle does not intervene based on bare knowledge, rather it is done publicly to incite violence and “fighting words” (Feinberg, “Offenses to Others”, p. 95). The law cannot then permit the fighting responses of those who are impacted by the symbol which in turn only negatively impacts the offended more. Therefore, the display of the swastika should be illegal and banned especially where it cannot be reasonably avoided. This is because its public display on such a sensitive and hateful conventional symbol has only history of negative and profound offenses which have been used to incite, act as fighting words, cause fear, injury, and insult. It is both an unpleasant disliked mental state that is unavoidable when displayed in public meaning that it is a violation of ones rights. This alone is a morally sufficient reason to limit ones liberty of displaying the symbol in order to prevent another person from being offended. However, even if the offense principle was not a convincing reason to limit the display of the swastika and make it illegal than the fact that it causes incitement and acts as fighting words, which are both illegal, is enough to make the swastika armband illegal.
We, all, have the opportunity to voice our opinion on subjects that matter to us. The First Amendment grants us freedom of speech and expression. However, this was not provided to all students in 1968. During this time, there were three students in Des Moines, Iowa, who wore black armbands to school. These armbands were a symbol of protest against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. After the Des Moines School District heard about this plan, they instituted a policy banning the wearing of armbands, leading to the suspension of students. A lawsuit has been filed against the Des Moines School District, stating how this principal goes against the students’ First Amendment rights. Thus, in the Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District case, Justice Abe Fortes determined the policy to ban armbands is against the students’ First Amendment rights. Yet, Justice Hugo Black dissented with this decision, determining the principal is permissible under the First Amendment.
... when showing your support. Express the way you feel no matter how you demonstrate it because you are in all your rights. People can not violate your freedom of speech because you are not doing any harm to others around you. It is a free world where you can wear and speak out what is right. The students from Des Moines Independent Community School District have taught that no one can stop you from doing the right thing.
What if you were suspended from school because of something you were wearing? Not only was the clothing or item appropriate, it was something you were fighting for or something you believe is right. Is this fair or okay for this to happen? There is a specific incident that this situation happened to a few teenagers in Des Moines, Iowa in December of 1965. A group of students wanting to wear black armbands throughout the holiday season was in for a wake up call. (FORTAS) These plans and or idea were quickly shot down by the high school principals. The principals caught wind of the teen’s plan, so there was a meeting a few days beforehand. The talk of the meeting was to ensure the teens that if they were to wear the black armbands a few days from then, they would be asked to remove the bands, if they refused, suspension would be given.(KELLY) Is this a violation of the First Amendment?
Background: In Des Moines, Lowa, the students came together and organized the kids to wear black armbands to school to protest the vietnam war. The kids wore the armbands to school and the principal found out and suspended all the kids because of the armbands. The students gaurdians sued the school for not allowing them to have freedom of speech. The United States court was on the schools side, ruling that the armbands were a distraction of the kids learning abilities. The kdis appealed the rulling to a United States court of appeal but in the end they lost.
This paper will address some of the issues surrounding hate speech and its regulation. I will explain both Andrew Altman and Jonathan Rauch’s positions in the first two sections. The third section will be on what Altman might say to Rauch’s opposite views. I will then discuss my view that hate speech should never be regulated under any circumstance especially in the name of protecting someone’s psychology, feelings, or insecurities like Altman prescribes. In the end, I will conclude that we should not agree with Altman despite his well intentioned moral convictions to push for hate speech regulation. Although hate speech is a horrible act, people must learn to overcome and persevere through difficult situations and not leave it to the law to protect their feelings and insecurities.
When the topic of hate and bias crime legislation is brought up two justifications commonly come to mind. In her article entitled “Why Liberals Should Hate ‘Hate Crime Legislation” author Heidi M. Hurd discusses the courts and states views that those who commit hate and bias crimes ought to be more severely punished. She takes into consideration both sides of the argument to determine the validity of each but ultimately ends the article in hopes to have persuaded the reader into understanding and agreeing with her view that laws concerning the punishment of hate and bias laws should not be codified. Hate crime is described as a violent, prejudice crime that occurs when a victim is targeted because of their membership in a specific group. The types of crime can vary from physical assault, vandalism, harassment or hate speech. Throughout the article Hurd tried to defend her view and explain why there should be no difference of punishment for similar crimes no matter the reason behind it. Her reason behind her article came from the law that President Obama signed in 2009 declaring that crimes committed with hatred or prejudice should have more sever punishments. While the court has their own views to justify their reasoning behind such decisions, in the article Hurd brings up points and facts to prove the wrongfulness of creating such a law. However, though Hurd has made her views clear in the following essay I will discuss reasons why the penalties are justifiable, why they should receive the same degree of punishment, less punishment and my personal view on the topic.
Yet the origin of hate-speech laws has been largely forgotten. The divergence between the United States and European countries is of comparatively recent origin. In fact, the United States and the vast majority of European (and Western) states were originally opposed to the internationalization of hate-speech laws. European states and the U.S. shared the view that human rights should protect rather than limit freedom of expression. (Hoover Institution: Stanford University).
Everyone often expresses who we are or what we believe by what we wear. Students maintain constitutional rights for freedom of expression when it comes to school. To some extent our decisions about our appearance are protected as well. Keeping in mind that dress code policies vary from school to school, and there will often be disagreement about what makes up inappropriate clothing. Fear of school disruption is NOT enough to overcome freedom of expression. And wearing gang colors does NOT interfere with our learning nor with the rights of other students. A general ban on gang colors is too vague and therefore unconstitutional. Almost all colors are associated with gangs. Overall, school administers have no right to ban students from wearing gang affiliated colors in public schools.
Is it right to burn one of the country's symbols, but should it be legal since it is part of the freedom of speech? Since the first day this country was free everyone looked at the flag as the reason why, but at the same time it isn’t the real reason. Our country is free because of the people who fought for it. Proving that burning the flag is disrespectful, but it gives people a way to express themselves. It should be legal because it gives people a way to communicate with the upper class, and if it is illegal they will protest and keep their same actions.
In today’s world there are several occupations one may choose from once receiving an education. Whether a person wants to be a doctor, a teacher, or a business person, one should be able to use their education to gain access to that job. Getting a job is no easy task, for there are many people who are also searching for that same job. Employers will interview many people just to find the right one and often times will have many stand-out applications to evaluate. When it comes down to making a decision, something as simple as having a tattoo could ruin every hope one has of getting the job. One may ask, “why does having a tattoo ruin ones chance of getting a job?” A tattoo would ruin one’s chances at getting a job simply because it is wrongly viewed as unprofessional.
Though I can understand the school's view on things, I still have my own personal opinions. I know that the school worries about people bringing extra attention to themselves by having things like body piercings and tattoos, but I don't really think that they have any business telling the students how they can and cannot dress. I can also see where they might think that the student runs a risk of getting the jewelry pulled out of their skin if they rough-house too much or if they aren't careful. However, I feel that the student can make that decision on their own.
Issues involving the apparel enforcements, including sexism, repressed self- identity, and punishment issues will be discussed within this paper. Literature Review The First Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the creation of laws offensive to religious groups and ensures their ability to freely practice, grants the freedom of speech, comply the freedom of the press, and allows the right to assemble peacefully. Adopted on December 15, 1791, it has served the United States of America for over one hundred years. Freedom of expression is a controversial topic when applied to the school dress code.
The First Amendment is known as the most protected civil liberty that protects our right to freedom of speech. There has been much controversy regarding hate speech and laws that prohibit it. These problems have risen from generation to generation and have been protested whether freedom of speech is guaranteed. According to our text book, By the People, hate speech is defined as “hostile statements based on someone’s personal characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religion, or sexual orientation.” Hate speech is a topic of issue for many people and their right’s, so the question is often proposed whether hate speech should be banned by government.
or date rape. Men have said that the girl was wearing a tight shirt and short
As discussed earlier, the harm principle requires a setback in the person’s interest and a wrong which violates the other’s rights. In the case of Gough, it would be unrealistic to suggest that he caused harm to the public as there was no set back in their interest and there was no wrong done to them capable of violating their rights. Feinberg classifies nudity under the offense principle, as the naked body causing total confusion and disarray of feelings to the onlooker. He states that the public nudity of others can produce “shameful embarassment” in oneself. He attributes this shame to one’s own shortcoming in the sudden loss of ...