Relative Strength and weaknesses of modeling, simulation and prototyping.
Strengths:
• It helps to get an overall structure for a complex system. Creating a model involves the system designer and the clients. Therefore it is suitable to have an idea of what the end product will turn out to be.
• Modeling and simulation allows the designers to compute values for different inputs which is difficult to achieve in the real world.
• It is cost effective. If the model and simulations are reliable it cuts down on the money required for testing.
Weaknesses:
• In making a model the requirements of the client or the main problem to be addressed may be misplaced.
• The models and simulations may not be accurate in all conditions in reality.
• The models can be too simplistic to solve problems involving complex problems
• Designers may over rely on models on simulations than actual testing.
Problematic assumptions in modelling, simulation and prototyping:
One the examples I would like to point out is the flight which crashed on August 16th 1987, the plane was a Mc Donnell Douglous MD-80 operated by the Northwest Airlines. The reason for the crash according to the NTSB was that the aircraft was not set up for take-off properly by the crew due to failure in adhering to the pre-flight checklist. [1] Another factor which contributed to the mishap was the failure of the flight takeoff warning system which did not indicate to the flight crew that the flight was improperly set up for takeoff. This failure of the takeoff system was due to the loss in power to the warning system due to circuit failure. Why is this a simulation error? It is because in the flight simulator this warning system flashed a light when the system was down but in the actual ...
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...ight budget and timeframe, this led to engineers relying more on models and simulations than actual testing. Models like the Radar-terrain interaction and Dynamical control effects of pulse-mode propulsion were not properly validated due budget constraints. This reliance on software models and simulations may have caused the MPL to be destroyed. These tools can be used but their limitations should also be known. In order to minimize these failures a decisive decision should be taken early in the development stages by experts and experienced system architects and engineers this will minimize the errors made in the finishing stages. Risk assessment should be carried out whenever analysis are based on models and simulations without being validated by actual testing. This will help reduce the over reliance on models and simulations by the engineers. [4]
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... not adequately trained on the operation of the system. CDR Carlson should have informed CAPT Rogers that were serious concerns on the USS Sides that the plane was in fact a civilian airliner, instead of silently musing and holding on to that information himself. This breakdown in communication, the crew's inability to operate the system, and the combat tension that the crew was already maintaining, spelled doom for the Iranian Airbus.
The requirements were not well defined and the stakeholders kept on adding new features to during the development there were no clear goals defined. This led to the shift of delivery time and affected the quality.
The Colgan Air Flight 3407 was a very interesting case to look at. On February 12, 2009, at 10:17 pm, flight 3407 crashed at a house in New York after the pilots experience a stall. Flight 3407 was scheduled to fly from Newark, New Jersey to Buffalo, New York. The NTSB reported the cockpit voice recorder (CVR) revealed some discrepancies both pilots were experience. The first officer did not have any experience with icing condition but icing was one of the reasons the plane went into a stall. On the other hand, the captain had some experience flying in icing condition. The captain was experiencing fatigue, which indeed, made him unfit to recover from a stall. With that in mind, the Human Factor Analysis Classification System (HFACS) will give insight of some errors both pilots made.
According to E. Sachs two needs, which are key to industrial productivity and competitiveness, are the reduction in time to market for new products and the flexible manufacture of products in small quantities [1]. A factor that contributes to the product design process is the development of prototypes, defined as a base model that can be tested and exhibits characteristics that can only be seen only when there is a physical product. This stage also allows clients to test ideas and provide feedback, which can enhance the final product.
Technical Major Incidents occur when there are failures in technological systems. This could include faulty components of an airplane, defective rail tracks, radiation emissions, computer failures and many more and usually happen at any time without warning. For example – The Air France Flight 4590 Disaster (Concorde). Some causes of a technological major incident could include, faulty wiring, design flaws, wear and tear of materials, improper maintenance and many more.
A model is a simplified representation of the structure and content of a phenomenon or system that describes or explains the complex relationships between concepts within the system and integrates elements of theory and practice (Creek et al 1993).
The ABC model practices a three-step model process, which contains A: establish a relationship. B: understand the problem. C: coping. The model gives emphasis on forming a rapport with a client and boiling down to the problem. Shortly after, the model labels the
There is also a possibility if the manufacturer always assumes that the software and plane’s data will be correct all the time. The software engineer often concern to set the software as efficient and accurate so that incidents never occurred because of technological failure. The point that depict the software engineers considers decisive action on the basis of principles of the code. The software engineers considers limits of the state, try to sort out and understand requirements, using skills on designing appropriately and execute them correctly. The later investigation concludes that the human error is also responsible for the Quantus incident. The investigators tried to found the possible factor and claimed that it’s not clear how to add data manually. If the software...
However, the engineers failed to inform the astronauts of the possible dangers if they continued with the launch. As a result of the engineer’s dishonesty and unreliability, seven people died in an explosion, including five astronauts and two payload specialists. This example that Harris brought up is a perfect example when a professional fail to follow code, if the engineers had followed procedure and informed the astronauts of the possible dangers, they might’ve decided to postpone the launch, preventing their deaths.
modeling. Also, I learned another thing is that making a first prototype and I used an guidence from my
Further in the chapter, it guides us to how to model and what is needed to be considered in a model, such as the need to be consistent, recognizable concepts and structures, iteratively and economical.
Sometimes the client may not have enough experience in the subject. Therefore, she may not be able to find the answer herself even if the questions are well organized. A client may have the qualification as a fashion garment designer and she may wish to start a business of manufacturing
Client(s) may be in the first stage of our design thinking sequences (Archer, 1984, p. 67), and then the designer job is to explore what is the problem, what do we want, what do they need: to produce a design to meet the requirements. The initial design problem presented to the designer may be poorly and incompletely described (McDonnell, 1997, p. 45...
To guide you in your quest to finding the right type of modeling work, here are some of the most common modeling
#System Design - armed with the system requirements developed the design stage is geared towards detailing the construction of the system defining system specifications and how the various tasks within the process will be