Intelligence collection has been in existence for hundreds of years. Think back during the revolutionary war when Paul Revere yield out “the British are coming; the British are coming”. That was intelligence gathering and dissemination of information during that era in history. In modern days information gathering is a bit more complex. But. very useful to decision and policy makers on issues regarding the security of the United States.
Strategic Intelligence contributes greatly to the United States national security and to the policy and decision makers. Strategic intelligence is required to implement strategies that will guide the war fighters to victory. A strategy is the logic that determines what the plan should be. 1 Strategic intelligence is essential for the development of military war fighting plans and the national
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Assets such as Signal Intelligence (SIGINT), Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Imagery Intelligence (IMINT), Geospatial Intelligence (GEOINT), and Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) all have a different function, but have the same goal of gathering information. Prior to employing any of these assets the Intelligence Cycle must begin. 3 Leaders at all levels begin with the first phase of the cycle by planning and directing. Once the plan has been completed, approved, and disseminated phase two of the cycle can begin. During phase two of an intelligence cycle the asset begins collection of information. Upon completion of phase two the information gathered is processed. The process raw data collected is then analyzed for protentional intelligence value. Once analysis is conducted the information upon approval may be disseminated to the Intelligence Community (IC). Each one of the five phases in the Intelligence Cycle cannot function alone from the other phases, one phase feeds the other. The Intelligence Cycle is continuous.
Probabilistic reasoning is difficult. People prefer to reject ambiguity and demand that concrete predictions be made. However, intelligence is inherently ambiguous. In intelligence forecasting, it is difficult to determine what information constitutes a signal, and what constitutes noise. In “Connecting the Dots: The Paradoxes of Intelligence Reform”, Malcolm Gladwell analyzes several high-profile “intelligence failures”, such as the Yom Kippur War, September 11th, Pearl Harbor, and the Bay of Pigs fiasco, as well as several psychological studies, and comes to the conclusion that: (1) there is no such thing as a perfect intelligence system - all systems require tradeoffs; (2) failures do not constitute the limitations of the intelligence community,
When it comes to the field of collecting and interpreting intelligence, no country has older active agencies than those that can be found in Britain. Britain has faced numerous conflicts over the past one hundred years from fighting a long side the Allies in World War One and World War Two to dealing with the internal issues caused by the IRA, and most of the time it has come out victorious and a lot of credit can be given to it's intelligence services. Since 1909, The Military Intelligence Section Five (MI5) has been working in Britain gathering up domestic intelligence. "Officially" since 1994, the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6) has been working on foreign soil to gather intelligence. The other Agency, Similar to the United State’s National Security Agency (NSA) is the Government Communication Headquarters (GCHQ), which gathers Signal Intelligence (SIGINT).
During times of war it is critical to keep your movements, plans, and technology secret so that enemies can not be prepared or be one-step ahead. Therefore spies would be very influential on outcomes of wars. One of the wars where the USA needed espionage help was in WWII. Not only did they need to get information, but they had counter intelligence to keep secrets away from Germany and their allies. Espionage helped the US during WWII in the defeat of Germany and their allies.
The C.I.A. has been in operation since the years of George Washington. Intelligence organizations have been gathering information from overseas for most of our countries history. Although there has been intelligence collection over the last hundreds of years for the government, the C.I.A. was just recently established as an official agency and at the same time, intelligence gathering was finally accepted during peace time. After World War II, the U.S. sought to establish a distinct intelligence gathering organization. After Pearl Harbor, the plans for the official C.I.A. where approved by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Before the C.I.A., the office of strategic services was in charge of espionage, sabotage and psychological warfare operations during the war. At that time peace time intelligence was considered unsavory. After the war President Truman tried to strengthen and promote peaceful intelligence gathering and sponsored the 1947 National Security Act to do so. The C.I.A. is designed for the purpose of intelligence gathering and analysis.
Through the progression of the years, the intelligence operation within the United States government has changed tremendously over the last decades for both domestic and foreign intelligence. The intelligence community has grown and has evolved into executing different roles within the government; this includes law enforcement and government agencies. Both law enforcement and intelligence organizations have recognized the necessity to collaborate and exchange data in eliminating high security risks. The September 11 attacks also led to the expansion of more agencies and organizations to combat
Knowledge is power. It is as simple as that. Espionage is the secret gathering of information, often referred to as "intelligence". Intelligence refers to the processed information needed to make any decision. This could be used for business, military, economic, or political decisions. More often than not, this term refers to domestic or foreign policy of a country. Espionage is illegal in all countries, yet all countries have some form of espionage organization. The first espionage act was recorded 2500 years ago. The first book on espionage, The Art of War was written by a Chinese emperor/general Sun Tzu in about 500 BC. There is another type of espionage, counter-espionage. This is the collection of information of any espionage (Ransom 1).
The CIA is one of the U.S. foreign inteligency agencies, responsible for getting and analyzing information about foreign government, corporations, individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. government. The State Department's Bureau or inteligence and reserch and theDefense Department'sdefense inteligence agency comprise the other two. Its headquarters is inLangley, Virginia, across the Potomac River from D.C. The Agency, created in 1947 by President Harry S. Trueman, is a descendant of the Office of stratigic Services(OSS) of World War 2. The OSS was dissolved in October 1945 but William J. Jonavan, the creator of the OSS, had submitted a proposal to President Roosevelt in 1944. He called for a new organization having direct Presidential supervision, "which will procure intelligence both by overt and covert methods and will at the same time provide intelligence guidance, determine national intelligence objectives, and correlate the intelligence material collected by all government agencies." Despite strong opposition from the military, the State Department, and the FBI, Truman established the Central Intelligence Group in January 1946. Later under the National Security Act of 1947, the National Security council and the Central Intelligence Agency were established.
The NSA or the National Security Agency, is “the largest intelligence agency in the US, which is responsible for collecting and analyzing communications and signals intelligence, plus cybersecurity” ( MacAskill, Borger, and Greenwald par. 1-2). Since its inception, “the very existence of the National Security Agency was not revealed more than two decades after its establishment in 1952” ( MacAskill, Borger, and Greenwald par. 1). and since “its structure and activities remain largely unknown. Hence its wry nickname: No Such Agency” ( MacAskill, Borger, and Greenwald par.1). “Once President Harry Truman established the NSA, its purpose was to collect data and information across the country and internationally. The task originally gi...
Intelligence collection and apprehension of criminals have occurred for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were performed by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of the government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels aid in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence gathered to protect national security and law enforcement intelligence are kept separately. Even though law enforcement operations can strengthen intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information does not leak or is not compromised when sharing intelligence. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss the expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations.
The Central Intelligence Agency’s main responsibility is stated in its Vision statement: “We will provide knowledge and take action to ensure the national security of the United States and the preservation of American life and ideals” (www.cia.gov). The CIA’s job is to provide pertinent, timely, and un-biased foreign intelligence. They also act as an unseen force by conducting undercover action as ordered by the President in order to preempt threats or achieve objectives of the United States. The CIA is the only intelligence organization that is not subject to cabinet prerogative, making it reliable in it is unbiased in its reports, because it has no political agenda. There are six main types of intelligence by which the CIA collects information. Human intelligence (HUMINT) is information gathered by field operatives through overt and covert techniques (www.cia.gov). Communications intelligence (COMINT) is acquired from intercepted foreign communications (www.cia.go...
Despite such efforts not being valid during that period, changes recorded in time led to the implementation of advanced technology which was to limit the functionality of the system. Furthermore, it was argued that if the Congress continues looking for strategic intelligence, then it will finally prove to be one of the hardest criteria to be practiced because of the hardness that will be encountered. There should be prior standardization which will enhance the intelligence community to give a performance that help the growth of
”8 Each agency conducting intelligence gathering needs the capability to gather, analyze, and disseminate information
Counterintelligence (CI) is defined as, “information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protected against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassination conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons, or their agents, or international terrorist organizations or activities. ” The citizenry of the United States on the U.S. Government is the focus of the examination of counter intelligence of citizenry on its national government. Data collected and research performed by James Riedel seeks to establish the citizens as a network of spies on the U.S. Government. The spying of citizens on the government is referred to as “espionage” . Counter Intelligence as acts of espionage committed by U.S. citizens is described by Riedel as short in duration and “poorly paid” .
Value of strategic intelligence applied to decision makers In decision makers, the strategic intelligence is identified to lead to better information, the effective decisions making so as to help the national policy to gaining markets share and also to compete successfully against both the local and international competitors. The strategic intelligence is a collective thus providing efficient information input to the decision makers. In a point of view, the strategic intelligence is not applied in all levels of decision making. The responsibility of strategic intelligence values to the decision makers is that the growing portion of the managers applies the strategic intelligence in their entire strategic planning along decision making.
meanings as the most important long-range planning, the most complex. and profound decisions, and the most advantageous effects from a. bombing campaign as well as leaders with the highest conceptual ability to make decisions and make decisions. As mentioned earlier, strategy is a plan whose aim is to link ends.... ... middle of paper ... ...