Intelligence versus Law Enforcement
Intelligence collection and apprehension of criminals have occurred for many years; however, with the exception of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, these actions were performed by different organizations. Nonetheless, roles and responsibilities have changed since the attacks on September 11, 2001. Intelligence-led policing and the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing program were incorporated, and fusion centers were established to help gather intelligence from different levels of the government. Although law enforcement at the local, state, and tribal levels aid in intelligence collection, it is important to ensure that intelligence gathered to protect national security and law enforcement intelligence are kept separately. Even though law enforcement operations can strengthen intelligence operations and vice versa, complications can arise when the two actions are combined. Government agencies must also ensure that sensitive and secret information does not leak or is not compromised when sharing intelligence. Therefore the purpose is to describe intelligence and law enforcement operations, discuss the expectations of prevention and punishment, and discuss the benefits and consequences of combining law enforcement and intelligence operations.
Characteristics of Intelligence Operations
Intelligence operations consist of many actions and are performed by various intelligence organizations. Intelligence operations consist of planning, collection, analysis, espionage, exploitation, dissemination, evaluation, etc. Intelligence operations are performed by numerous organizations, such as the Department of Defense (DOD), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA),...
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This systematic review conducted by Takeda A, Taylor SJC, Taylor RS, Khan F, Krum H, Underwood M, (2012) sourced twenty-five trials, and the overall number of people of the collective trials included was 5,942. Interventions were classified and assessed using the following headings.-
In this paper, I will do a case study on the Bay of Pigs and why the United States tried to conduct this attack. I will find out what intelligence led to this invasion attempt as well as what intelligence failures were made which resulted in the failure of the invasion. I will discuss what impact the Bay of Pigs had on the United States Intelligence community and what changes was made. I will end this paper with any findings I have concluded to if the failure has any affect on how the U.S. conducts intelligence in today’s world.
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Intelligence-led policing is a policing model that is built around assessment and management of risk. In order to understand intelligence-led policing you have to understand what intelligence is. Intelligence is defined as information that is analyzed and integrated in order to be useful. Intelligence-led policing focuses on key criminal activities, and once identified through intelligence assessments key criminals can be targeted. In the United State intelligence-led policing has mostly remained the same other then some minor changes like the creation of fusion centers. Fusion centers are intelligence-gathering units that serve various agencies, these centers support anti-terrorism and other crime-specific objectives. Examples of intelligence-led
Congress’s role in strategic intelligence is oversight. “Congressional oversight refers to the review, monitoring, and supervision of federal agencies, programs, activities, and policy implementation.”[1] There is a congressional committee and a system in place in order for Congress to largely exercise this power. With that said oversight goes back to the early days of the republic which also includes activities and contexts of Congress. Some of the activities and contexts included are: investigative, appropriations, and legislative hearings; by committees, select committee’s special investigations, and reviews and studies by congressional support agencies and staff. The authority for congressional
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There is no international definitive definition of intelligence and according to Bimfort (1958) there will continue to be a discrepancy and There is no international definitive definition of intelligence and according to Bimfort (1958) there will continue to be a discrepancy and misunderstanding between and outside the intelligence community over the meaning of intelligence. One definition that best suits the current idea of intelligence is “the knowledge – and ideally, the foreknowledge sought by nations in response to external threats and to protect their vital interests, especially the well-being of their own people” (Russell 2010, p.7). This description best represents how important intelligence is to governments around the globe. Those critical of intelligence would suggest ‘intelligence without analysis is only information’ and they would be correct. Intelligence is at its core about filtering out the noise; analysts need to be able to spot trends, patterns and key details that stand out from the rest. Analysis is an integral part of in the intelligence cycle.