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Role of Espionage in American History Knowledge is power. It is as simple as that. Espionage is the secret gathering of information, often referred to as "intelligence". Intelligence refers to the processed information needed to make any decision. This could be used for business, military, economic, or political decisions. More often than not, this term refers to domestic or foreign policy of a country. Espionage is illegal in all countries, yet all countries have some form of espionage organization. The first espionage act was recorded 2500 years ago. The first book on espionage, The Art of War was written by a Chinese emperor/general Sun Tzu in about 500 BC. There is another type of espionage, counter-espionage. This is the collection of information of any espionage (Ransom 1). American espionage is particularly important. It has got us where we are today. Without it, we wouldn’t have got passed the Revolutionary War, and our independence. From the Revolutionary War to the highly technical world of today, espionage in America has always played a role in shaping American history. The Revolutionary War was the war for American independence. The intelligence gathering ability of the Americans was not very good. Foley, the author of the book Famous American Spies, says that the Americans were very disorganized. They were not very secret either. They held open meetings in public taverns for the community to see. They relied mainly on the infiltration of enemy lines and by word of mouth (Foley 17-18). The most famous tavern was the Green Dragon tavern. Foley mentions that some of the members were Sam and John Adams, John Hancock, James Oti... ... middle of paper ... ...stead the CIA power was limited to just the U.S. and its job was the war on drugs and national security (Ameringer 391). America and espionage, unfortunately, have become synonymous. Secrets are abound and conspiracy theories fly in our country. Espionage, one way or the other, has always played a major role in American History. Works Cited Foley, Rae. Famous American Spies. New York: Dodd, Meard, and Company. 1964. Ransom, Howe. “Espionage.” Encarta. CD-ROM. IBM ed.2000. Seattle, WA: Microsoft, 1987-2000 Jeffreys-Jones, Rhodrl. “CIA.” Encarta. CD-ROM. IBM ed.2000. Seattle, WA: Microsoft, 1987-2000 Ameringer, Charles D. U.S. Foreign Intelligence: The Secret Side of American History. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1990. Richelson, Jeffrey T. A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press, 1955.
The American Revolution saw the rise of the American spy, and the father of these spies was George Washington, commander in Chief of the Continental Army. The siege of New York demonstrated the importance and dire need for intelligence to General Washington. Unfortunately, the difficulty, at least initially, lies with finding people willing and able to serve in this manner. Upon recognizing the necessity for a network of subterfuge, Washington created the Culper spy ring. Housed in New York City under the command of Colonel Benjamin Tallmadge, its purpose was more than merely gaining intelligence.
Guilford, CT: Dushkin/ McGraw-Hill, 1997. Chiatkin, Anton. A. Treason in America. Washington DC: Executive Intelligence. Review, a review of the book, Divine, Breen, Frederickson, and Williams. America Past and Present.
?Espionage.? 2000-2004. The War to End All Wars. Michael Duffy. Original Material. Primary Documents Online.
The Civil War was the bloodiest, most devestating war that has ever been fought on American soil. It began on April 12, 1861, at 4:30 in the morning. The main reason that the war was fought was because Southern states believed that they should have the right to use African-Americans as slaves, and the Northern States opposed that belief.
Andrew Batten, the executive director of Frances Tavern in New York, explains that “Everything about being a spy went against the code of the gentleman,” speaking about espionage in the late 18th century. In this period, espionage was seen by most as a disgraceful profession. This is why although the Continental Army needed spies to help them win the Revolutionary War, so many people refused to do the job because they feared becoming someone who dedicated their lives to lies and deception. However, american history is full of brave, forward thinking men and women who dedicated their lives to taking risks in order to create a better life for themselves and for future generations. Among these courageous souls are the founders and members of the elusive Culper Spy Ring. This ring of spies and informants operated during the American
Prados, John. Safe for Democracy The Secret Wars of the CIA. Chicago, IL: Ivan R Dee, Publisher, 2006.
Sulick, Michael J.. Spying in America espionage from the Revolutionary War to the dawn of the Cold War., Georgetown University Press, 2012
In times of peace (and war), the Espionage Act granted the “issue of search warrants for the seizure of property used as a means of committing a felony” (“Treason”, 223). Additionally, it took measures against sending purported illegal materials through the mail: a task overseen by the Post Master General.
Everyday citizens often live unaware of their government’s inner workings. The knowing of political espionage is often too heavy of a subject to be inducted in conversation. True, prima facie, modest twists and turns of information may not be considered substantial, but this inconsideration leaves much to be uncontrolled. It is easy for political leaders to become power crazed, to not realize the massive implications that come of their actions. Only after all is said and done do the people actually realize their government is an opaque mask of deception. The Watergate Scandal substantially impacted Americans’ trust in their government.
For instance, one ad that catches the shoppers' attention is Walmart. How does Walmart do this? First, they break their Black Friday sales into several “Events” starting at 6 p.m. on Thanksgiving Day and ending, with the final Event at 8 a.m. Black Friday (Walmart Black Friday Ad, 2013, p. 10). This strategy is designed to spread out the onslaught of shoppers, and extending their sales period. How Walmart accomplishes this is that each Event is set up to lure shoppers with a limited number of highly popular electronic items offered at an immense discount. Second, Walmart has added another new marketing plan, which they called “1-Hour in Stock Guarantee”. This is an in-store only enticement on six hot deals is for one hour on...
Skepticism is a philosophical idea that not all knowledge is certain. It utilizes doubt to question the existence of knowledge. Skepticism can be used to challenge the concept of justified true belief. Justified true belief is the concept that if one believes something and that something is true then the belief is warranted true. Skepticism challenges this idea by questioning what is considered certain. This concept is investigated by how people tend to obtain knowledge, and questions if these methods are valid reasons for justification.
Among the spies of the 20th century, Kim Philby was a master of his craft. “To betray, you must first belong,” Kim Philby once said. Philby betrayed his colleagues, his friends, his wives, and most of all his country. He did all this in the secret service of the Soviet Union. The effects of this master spy’s operations set the stage for post-World War II in Europe.
Smoking has become a big epidemic in the United States. As a tobacco free person, I want to be able to breathe clean air anywhere I go. As we know, smoking can harm every organ in the body (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). I believe that smoking should be banned in public places such as drinking establishments, hospitals, buses, train stations, and restaurants. Not only does smoking affect the individual smoker, it also causes a number of health problems, increases death rate, and it affects not only the lives, but the health of other people around them. On the contrary, smoking should be banned in public areas for these reasons.
People throughout the time have been worried about some acts that people make; these acts are sometimes performed unconsciously or without realizing these are affecting they negatively affect others. Some reasons why this happens, they do not realize they are making someone uncomfortable, or they simply do not care about it. Smoking is one of these activities. For a long time, smoking in public places has been extremely popular regardless of age or gender. Many smokers believe they are free to smoke wherever and whenever they. Even if they realize the damage they are causing to themselves, which is a personal decision, when they smoke in public places they ignore the collective damage they are causing others. It has been claimed that despite not engaging in the activity themselves, “passive smokers suffer the same horrifying bad consequences as active smokers” in the form of second-hand smoke (Ecobichon & Wu, 1990, p. 43). Smoking is thus a dangerous activity that is becoming more and more popular in campus every day and is becoming a social and educational problem. Schools should ban smoking from their campus, and those that have should implement stricter methods of enforcing such rules.
In many aspects of our lives, the use of faith as a basis for knowledge can be found. Whether it is faith in the advice of your teacher, faith in a God or faith in a scientific theory, it is present. But what is faith? A definition of faith in a theory of knowledge context is the confident belief or trust in a knowledge claim by a knower, without the knower having conclusive evidence. This is because if a knowledge claim is backed up by evidence, then we would use reason rather than faith as a basis for knowledge . If we define knowledge as ‘justified true belief’, it can be seen that faith, being without justification, can never fulfill this definition, and so cannot be used as a reliable basis for knowledge. However, the question arises, what if a certain knowledge claim lies outside of the realm of reason? What if a knowledge claim cannot be justified by empirical evidence and reasoning alone, such as a religious knowledge claim? It is then that faith allows the knower to decide what is knowledge and what is not, when something cannot be definitively proved through the use of evidence. When assessing faith as a basis for knowledge in the natural sciences, the fact arises that without faith in the research done before us, it is impossible to develop further knowledge on top of it. Yet at the same time, if we have unwavering faith in existing theories, they would never be challenged, and so our progress of knowledge in the natural sciences would come to a standstill. Although I intend to approach this essay in a balanced manner, this essay may be subject to a small degree of bias, due to my own non-religious viewpoint.